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Exercises/soln3_4.md

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+# Exercise 3.4 - Solution
+
+## (a) Private attributes
+
+```python
+# stock.py
+
+class Stock:
+    _types = (str, int, float)
+    def __init__(self, name, shares, price):
+        self.name = name
+        self.shares = shares
+        self.price = price
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_row(cls, row):
+        values = [func(val) for func, val in zip(cls._types, row)]
+        return cls(*values)
+
+    def cost(self):
+        return self.shares * self.price
+
+    def sell(self, nshares):
+        self.shares -= nshares
+```
+
+
+## (b) Computed Attributes
+
+```python
+# stock.py
+
+class Stock:
+    _types = (str, int, float)
+    def __init__(self, name, shares, price):
+        self.name = name
+        self.shares = shares
+        self.price = price
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_row(cls, row):
+        values = [func(val) for func, val in zip(cls._types, row)]
+        return cls(*values)
+    
+    @property
+    def cost(self):
+        return self.shares * self.price
+
+    def sell(self, nshares):
+        self.shares -= nshares
+```
+
+## (c) Enforcing Type-Checking Rules
+
+```python
+# stock.py
+
+class Stock:
+    _types = (str, int, float)
+    def __init__(self, name, shares, price):
+        self.name = name
+        self.shares = shares
+        self.price = price
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_row(cls, row):
+        values = [func(val) for func, val in zip(cls._types, row)]
+        return cls(*values)
+    
+    @property
+    def shares(self):
+        return self._shares
+    @shares.setter
+    def shares(self, value):
+        if not isinstance(value, int):
+            raise TypeError('Expected an integer')
+        if value < 0:
+            raise ValueError('shares must be >= 0')
+        self._shares = value
+
+    @property
+    def price(self):
+        return self._price
+    @price.setter
+    def price(self, value):
+        if not isinstance(value, float):
+            raise TypeError('Expected a float')
+        if value < 0:
+            raise ValueError('price must be >= 0')
+        self._price = value
+
+    @property
+    def cost(self):
+        return self.shares * self.price
+
+    def sell(self, nshares):
+        self.shares -= nshares
+```
+
+## (d) Adding `__slots__`
+
+```python
+# stock.py
+
+class Stock:
+    __slots__ = ('name','_shares','_price')
+    _types = (str, int, float)
+
+    def __init__(self, name, shares, price):
+        self.name = name
+        self.shares = shares
+        self.price = price
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_row(cls, row):
+        values = [func(val) for func, val in zip(cls._types, row)]
+        return cls(*values)
+
+    @property
+    def shares(self):
+        return self._shares
+    @shares.setter
+    def shares(self, value):
+        if not isinstance(value, int):
+            raise TypeError('Expected integer')
+        if value < 0:
+            raise ValueError('shares must be >= 0')
+        self._shares = value
+
+    @property
+    def price(self):
+        return self._price
+    @price.setter
+    def price(self, value):
+        if not isinstance(value, float):
+            raise TypeError('Expected float')
+        if value < 0:
+            raise ValueError('price must be >= 0')
+        self._price = value
+
+    @property
+    def cost(self):
+        return self.shares * self.price
+
+    def sell(self, nshares):
+        self.shares -= nshares
+```
+
+## (e) Reconciling types
+
+```python
+# stock.py
+
+class Stock:
+    __slots__ = ('name','_shares','_price')
+    _types = (str, int, float)
+    def __init__(self, name, shares, price):
+        self.name = name
+        self.shares = shares
+        self.price = price
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_row(cls, row):
+        values = [func(val) for func, val in zip(cls._types, row)]
+        return cls(*values)
+
+    @property
+    def shares(self):
+        return self._shares
+    @shares.setter
+    def shares(self, value):
+        if not isinstance(value, self._types[1]):
+            raise TypeError(f'Expected {self._types[1].__name__}')
+        if value < 0:
+            raise ValueError('shares must be >= 0')
+        self._shares = value
+
+    @property
+    def price(self):
+        return self._price
+    @price.setter
+    def price(self, value):
+        if not isinstance(value, self._types[2]):
+            raise TypeError(f'Expected {self._types[2].__name__}')
+        if value < 0:
+            raise ValueError('price must be >= 0')
+        self._price = value
+
+    @property
+    def cost(self):
+        return self.shares * self.price
+
+    def sell(self, nshares):
+        self.shares -= nshares
+```
+
+
+
+[Back](ex3_4.md)