diff --git a/100 Numpy exercises with hint.ipynb b/100 Numpy exercises with hint.ipynb index d9dd849..d1ea964 100644 --- a/100 Numpy exercises with hint.ipynb +++ b/100 Numpy exercises with hint.ipynb @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 1. Import the numpy package under the name `np` (★☆☆) \n", - "##### (hint: import … as ..)" + "(**hint**: import ... as ..)" ] }, { @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 2. Print the numpy version and the configuration (★☆☆) \n", - "##### (hint: np.\\_\\_verison\\_\\_, np.show\\_config)" + "(**hint**: np.\\_\\_verison\\_\\_, np.show\\_config)" ] }, { @@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 3. Create a null vector of size 10 (★☆☆) \n", - "##### (hint: np.zeros)" + "(**hint**: np.zeros)" ] }, { @@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 4. How to find the memory size of any array (★☆☆) \n", - "##### (hint: size, itemsize)" + "(**hint**: size, itemsize)" ] }, { @@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 5. How to get the documentation of the numpy add function from the command line? (★☆☆) \n", - "##### (hint: np.info)" + "(**hint**: np.info)" ] }, { @@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 6. Create a null vector of size 10 but the fifth value which is 1 (★☆☆) \n", - "##### (hint: array\\[4\\])" + "(**hint**: array\\[4\\])" ] }, { @@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 7. Create a vector with values ranging from 10 to 49 (★☆☆) \n", - "##### (hint: np.arange)" + "(**hint**: np.arange)" ] }, { @@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 8. Reverse a vector (first element becomes last) (★☆☆) \n", - "##### (hint: array\\[::-1\\])" + "(**hint**: array\\[::-1\\])" ] }, { @@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 9. Create a 3x3 matrix with values ranging from 0 to 8 (★☆☆) \n", - "##### (hint: reshape)" + "(**hint**: reshape)" ] }, { @@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 10. Find indices of non-zero elements from \\[1,2,0,0,4,0\\] (★☆☆) \n", - "##### (hint: np.nonzero)" + "(**hint**: np.nonzero)" ] }, { @@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 11. Create a 3x3 identity matrix (★☆☆) \n", - "##### (hint: np.eye)" + "(**hint**: np.eye)" ] }, { @@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 12. Create a 3x3x3 array with random values (★☆☆) \n", - "##### (hint: np.random.random)" + "(**hint**: np.random.random)" ] }, { @@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 13. Create a 10x10 array with random values and find the minimum and maximum values (★☆☆) \n", - "##### (hint: min, max)" + "(**hint**: min, max)" ] }, { @@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 14. Create a random vector of size 30 and find the mean value (★☆☆) \n", - "##### (hint: mean)" + "(**hint**: mean)" ] }, { @@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 15. Create a 2d array with 1 on the border and 0 inside (★☆☆) \n", - "##### (hint: array\\[1:-1, 1:-1\\])" + "(**hint**: array\\[1:-1, 1:-1\\])" ] }, { @@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 16. How to add a border (filled with 0's) around an existing array? (★☆☆) \n", - "##### (hint: np.pad)" + "(**hint**: np.pad)" ] }, { @@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 17. What is the result of the following expression? (★☆☆) \n", - "##### (hint: NaN = not a number, inf = infinity)" + "(**hint**: NaN = not a number, inf = infinity)" ] }, { @@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 18. Create a 5x5 matrix with values 1,2,3,4 just below the diagonal (★☆☆) \n", - "##### (hint: np.diag)" + "(**hint**: np.diag)" ] }, { @@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 19. Create a 8x8 matrix and fill it with a checkerboard pattern (★☆☆) \n", - "##### (hint: array\\[::2\\])" + "(**hint**: array\\[::2\\])" ] }, { @@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 20. Consider a (6,7,8) shape array, what is the index (x,y,z) of the 100th element? \n", - "##### (hint: np.unravel_index)" + "(**hint**: np.unravel_index)" ] }, { @@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 21. Create a checkerboard 8x8 matrix using the tile function (★☆☆) \n", - "##### (hint: np.tile)" + "(**hint**: np.tile)" ] }, { @@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 22. Normalize a 5x5 random matrix (★☆☆) \n", - "##### (hint: (x - min) / (max - min))" + "(**hint**: (x - min) / (max - min))" ] }, { @@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 23. Create a custom dtype that describes a color as four unsigned bytes (RGBA) (★☆☆) \n", - "##### (hint: np.dtype)" + "(**hint**: np.dtype)" ] }, { @@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 24. Multiply a 5x3 matrix by a 3x2 matrix (real matrix product) (★☆☆) \n", - "##### (hint: np.dot | @)" + "(**hint**: np.dot | @)" ] }, { @@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 25. Given a 1D array, negate all elements which are between 3 and 8, in place. (★☆☆) \n", - "##### (hint: >, <=)" + "(**hint**: >, <=)" ] }, { @@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 26. What is the output of the following script? (★☆☆) \n", - "##### (hint: np.sum)" + "(**hint**: np.sum)" ] }, { @@ -542,7 +542,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 29. How to round away from zero a float array ? (★☆☆) \n", - "##### (hint: np.uniform, np.copysign, np.ceil, np.abs)" + "(**hint**: np.uniform, np.copysign, np.ceil, np.abs)" ] }, { @@ -559,7 +559,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 30. How to find common values between two arrays? (★☆☆) \n", - "##### (hint: np.intersect1d)" + "(**hint**: np.intersect1d)" ] }, { @@ -576,7 +576,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 31. How to ignore all numpy warnings (not recommended)? (★☆☆) \n", - "##### (hint: np.seterr, np.errstate)" + "(**hint**: np.seterr, np.errstate)" ] }, { @@ -593,7 +593,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 32. Is the following expressions true? (★☆☆) \n", - "##### (hint: imaginary number)" + "(**hint**: imaginary number)" ] }, { @@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 33. How to get the dates of yesterday, today and tomorrow? (★☆☆) \n", - "##### (hint: np.datetime64, np.timedelta64)" + "(**hint**: np.datetime64, np.timedelta64)" ] }, { @@ -636,7 +636,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 34. How to get all the dates corresponding to the month of July 2016? (★★☆) \n", - "##### (hint: np.arange(dtype=datetime64\\['D'\\]))" + "(**hint**: np.arange(dtype=datetime64\\['D'\\]))" ] }, { @@ -653,7 +653,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 35. How to compute ((A+B)\\*(-A/2)) in place (without copy)? (★★☆) \n", - "##### (hint: np.add(out=), np.negative(out=), np.multiply(out=), np.divide(out=))" + "(**hint**: np.add(out=), np.negative(out=), np.multiply(out=), np.divide(out=))" ] }, { @@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 36. Extract the integer part of a random array using 5 different methods (★★☆) \n", - "##### (hint: %, np.floor, np.ceil, astype, np.trunc)" + "(**hint**: %, np.floor, np.ceil, astype, np.trunc)" ] }, { @@ -687,7 +687,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 37. Create a 5x5 matrix with row values ranging from 0 to 4 (★★☆) \n", - "##### (hint: np.arange)" + "(**hint**: np.arange)" ] }, { @@ -704,7 +704,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 38. Consider a generator function that generates 10 integers and use it to build an array (★☆☆) \n", - "##### (hint: np.fromiter)" + "(**hint**: np.fromiter)" ] }, { @@ -721,7 +721,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 39. Create a vector of size 10 with values ranging from 0 to 1, both excluded (★★☆) \n", - "##### (hint: np.linespace)" + "(**hint**: np.linespace)" ] }, { @@ -738,7 +738,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 40. Create a random vector of size 10 and sort it (★★☆) \n", - "##### (hint: sort)" + "(**hint**: sort)" ] }, { @@ -755,7 +755,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 41. How to sum a small array faster than np.sum? (★★☆) \n", - "##### (hint: np.add.reduce)" + "(**hint**: np.add.reduce)" ] }, { @@ -772,7 +772,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 42. Consider two random array A and B, check if they are equal (★★☆) \n", - "##### (hint: np.allclose, np.array\\_equal)" + "(**hint**: np.allclose, np.array\\_equal)" ] }, { @@ -789,7 +789,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 43. Make an array immutable (read-only) (★★☆) \n", - "##### (hint: flags.writeable)" + "(**hint**: flags.writeable)" ] }, { @@ -806,7 +806,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 44. Consider a random 10x2 matrix representing cartesian coordinates, convert them to polar coordinates (★★☆) \n", - "##### (hint: np.sqrt, np.arctan2)" + "(**hint**: np.sqrt, np.arctan2)" ] }, { @@ -823,7 +823,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 45. Create random vector of size 10 and replace the maximum value by 0 (★★☆) \n", - "##### (hint: argmax)" + "(**hint**: argmax)" ] }, { @@ -840,7 +840,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 46. Create a structured array with `x` and `y` coordinates covering the \\[0,1\\]x\\[0,1\\] area (★★☆) \n", - "##### (hint: np.meshgrid)" + "(**hint**: np.meshgrid)" ] }, { @@ -857,7 +857,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 47. Given two arrays, X and Y, construct the Cauchy matrix C (Cij =1/(xi - yj)) \n", - "##### (hint: np.subtract.outer)" + "(**hint**: np.subtract.outer)" ] }, { @@ -874,7 +874,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 48. Print the minimum and maximum representable value for each numpy scalar type (★★☆) \n", - "##### (hint: np.iinfo, np.finfo, eps)" + "(**hint**: np.iinfo, np.finfo, eps)" ] }, { @@ -891,7 +891,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 49. How to print all the values of an array? (★★☆) \n", - "##### (hint: np.set\\_printoptions)" + "(**hint**: np.set\\_printoptions)" ] }, { @@ -908,7 +908,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 50. How to find the closest value (to a given scalar) in a vector? (★★☆) \n", - "##### (hint: argmin)" + "(**hint**: argmin)" ] }, { @@ -925,7 +925,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 51. Create a structured array representing a position (x,y) and a color (r,g,b) (★★☆) \n", - "##### (hint: dtype)" + "(**hint**: dtype)" ] }, { @@ -942,7 +942,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 52. Consider a random vector with shape (100,2) representing coordinates, find point by point distances (★★☆) \n", - "##### (hint: np.atleast\\_2d, T, np.sqrt)" + "(**hint**: np.atleast\\_2d, T, np.sqrt)" ] }, { @@ -959,7 +959,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 53. How to convert a float (32 bits) array into an integer (32 bits) in place? \n", - "##### (hint: astype(copy=False))" + "(**hint**: astype(copy=False))" ] }, { @@ -976,7 +976,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 54. How to read the following file? (★★☆) \n", - "##### (hint: np.genfromtxt)" + "(**hint**: np.genfromtxt)" ] }, { @@ -1004,7 +1004,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 55. What is the equivalent of enumerate for numpy arrays? (★★☆) \n", - "##### (hint: np.ndenumerate, np.ndindex)" + "(**hint**: np.ndenumerate, np.ndindex)" ] }, { @@ -1021,7 +1021,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 56. Generate a generic 2D Gaussian-like array (★★☆) \n", - "##### (hint: np.meshgrid, np.exp)" + "(**hint**: np.meshgrid, np.exp)" ] }, { @@ -1038,7 +1038,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 57. How to randomly place p elements in a 2D array? (★★☆) \n", - "##### (hint: np.put, np.random.choice)" + "(**hint**: np.put, np.random.choice)" ] }, { @@ -1055,7 +1055,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 58. Subtract the mean of each row of a matrix (★★☆) \n", - "##### (hint: mean(axis=,keepdims=))" + "(**hint**: mean(axis=,keepdims=))" ] }, { @@ -1072,7 +1072,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 59. How to sort an array by the nth column? (★★☆) \n", - "##### (hint: argsort)" + "(**hint**: argsort)" ] }, { @@ -1089,7 +1089,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 60. How to tell if a given 2D array has null columns? (★★☆) \n", - "##### (hint: any, ~)" + "(**hint**: any, ~)" ] }, { @@ -1106,7 +1106,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 61. Find the nearest value from a given value in an array (★★☆) \n", - "##### (hint: np.abs, argmin, flat)" + "(**hint**: np.abs, argmin, flat)" ] }, { @@ -1123,7 +1123,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 62. Considering two arrays with shape (1,3) and (3,1), how to compute their sum using an iterator? (★★☆) \n", - "##### (hint: np.nditer)" + "(**hint**: np.nditer)" ] }, { @@ -1140,7 +1140,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 63. Create an array class that has a name attribute (★★☆) \n", - "##### (hint: class method)" + "(**hint**: class method)" ] }, { @@ -1157,7 +1157,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 64. Consider a given vector, how to add 1 to each element indexed by a second vector (be careful with repeated indices)? (★★★) \n", - "##### (hint: np.bincount | np.add.at)" + "(**hint**: np.bincount | np.add.at)" ] }, { @@ -1174,7 +1174,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 65. How to accumulate elements of a vector (X) to an array (F) based on an index list (I)? (★★★) \n", - "##### (hint: np.bincount)" + "(**hint**: np.bincount)" ] }, { @@ -1191,7 +1191,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 66. Considering a (w,h,3) image of (dtype=ubyte), compute the number of unique colors (★★★) \n", - "##### (hint: np.unique)" + "(**hint**: np.unique)" ] }, { @@ -1208,7 +1208,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 67. Considering a four dimensions array, how to get sum over the last two axis at once? (★★★) \n", - "##### (hint: sum(axis=(-2,-1)))" + "(**hint**: sum(axis=(-2,-1)))" ] }, { @@ -1225,7 +1225,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 68. Considering a one-dimensional vector D, how to compute means of subsets of D using a vector S of same size describing subset indices? (★★★) \n", - "##### (hint: np.bincount)" + "(**hint**: np.bincount)" ] }, { @@ -1242,7 +1242,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 69. How to get the diagonal of a dot product? (★★★) \n", - "##### (hint: np.diag)" + "(**hint**: np.diag)" ] }, { @@ -1259,7 +1259,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 70. Consider the vector \\[1, 2, 3, 4, 5\\], how to build a new vector with 3 consecutive zeros interleaved between each value? (★★★) \n", - "##### (hint: array\\[::4\\])" + "(**hint**: array\\[::4\\])" ] }, { @@ -1276,7 +1276,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 71. Consider an array of dimension (5,5,3), how to mulitply it by an array with dimensions (5,5)? (★★★) \n", - "##### (hint: array\\[:, :, None\\])" + "(**hint**: array\\[:, :, None\\])" ] }, { @@ -1293,7 +1293,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 72. How to swap two rows of an array? (★★★) \n", - "##### (hint: array\\[\\[\\]\\] = array\\[\\[\\]\\])" + "(**hint**: array\\[\\[\\]\\] = array\\[\\[\\]\\])" ] }, { @@ -1310,7 +1310,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 73. Consider a set of 10 triplets describing 10 triangles (with shared vertices), find the set of unique line segments composing all the triangles (★★★) \n", - "##### (hint: repeat, np.roll, np.sort, view, np.unique)" + "(**hint**: repeat, np.roll, np.sort, view, np.unique)" ] }, { @@ -1327,7 +1327,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 74. Given an array C that is a bincount, how to produce an array A such that np.bincount(A) == C? (★★★) \n", - "##### (hint: np.repeat)" + "(**hint**: np.repeat)" ] }, { @@ -1344,7 +1344,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 75. How to compute averages using a sliding window over an array? (★★★) \n", - "##### (hint: np.cumsum)" + "(**hint**: np.cumsum)" ] }, { @@ -1361,7 +1361,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 76. Consider a one-dimensional array Z, build a two-dimensional array whose first row is (Z\\[0\\],Z\\[1\\],Z\\[2\\]) and each subsequent row is shifted by 1 (last row should be (Z\\[-3\\],Z\\[-2\\],Z\\[-1\\]) (★★★) \n", - "##### (hint: from numpy.lib import stride_tricks)" + "(**hint**: from numpy.lib import stride_tricks)" ] }, { @@ -1378,7 +1378,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 77. How to negate a boolean, or to change the sign of a float inplace? (★★★) \n", - "##### (hint: np.logical_not, np.negative)" + "(**hint**: np.logical_not, np.negative)" ] }, { @@ -1427,7 +1427,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 80. Consider an arbitrary array, write a function that extract a subpart with a fixed shape and centered on a given element (pad with a `fill` value when necessary) (★★★) \n", - "##### (hint: minimum, maximum)" + "(**hint**: minimum, maximum)" ] }, { @@ -1444,7 +1444,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 81. Consider an array Z = \\[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14\\], how to generate an array R = \\[\\[1,2,3,4\\], \\[2,3,4,5\\], \\[3,4,5,6\\], ..., \\[11,12,13,14\\]\\]? (★★★) \n", - "##### (hint: stride\\_tricks.as\\_strided)" + "(**hint**: stride\\_tricks.as\\_strided)" ] }, { @@ -1461,7 +1461,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 82. Compute a matrix rank (★★★) \n", - "##### (hint: np.linalg.svd) (suggestion: np.linalg.svd)" + "(**hint**: np.linalg.svd) (suggestion: np.linalg.svd)" ] }, { @@ -1478,7 +1478,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 83. How to find the most frequent value in an array? \n", - "##### (hint: np.bincount, argmax)" + "(**hint**: np.bincount, argmax)" ] }, { @@ -1495,7 +1495,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 84. Extract all the contiguous 3x3 blocks from a random 10x10 matrix (★★★) \n", - "##### (hint: stride\\_tricks.as\\_strided)" + "(**hint**: stride\\_tricks.as\\_strided)" ] }, { @@ -1512,7 +1512,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 85. Create a 2D array subclass such that Z\\[i,j\\] == Z\\[j,i\\] (★★★) \n", - "##### (hint: class method)" + "(**hint**: class method)" ] }, { @@ -1529,7 +1529,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 86. Consider a set of p matrices wich shape (n,n) and a set of p vectors with shape (n,1). How to compute the sum of of the p matrix products at once? (result has shape (n,1)) (★★★) \n", - "##### (hint: np.tensordot)" + "(**hint**: np.tensordot)" ] }, { @@ -1546,7 +1546,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 87. Consider a 16x16 array, how to get the block-sum (block size is 4x4)? (★★★) \n", - "##### (hint: np.add.reduceat)" + "(**hint**: np.add.reduceat)" ] }, { @@ -1579,7 +1579,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 89. How to get the n largest values of an array (★★★) \n", - "##### (hint: np.argsort | np.argpartition)" + "(**hint**: np.argsort | np.argpartition)" ] }, { @@ -1596,7 +1596,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 90. Given an arbitrary number of vectors, build the cartesian product (every combinations of every item) (★★★) \n", - "##### (hint: np.indices)" + "(**hint**: np.indices)" ] }, { @@ -1614,7 +1614,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 91. How to create a record array from a regular array? (★★★) \n", - "##### (hint: np.core.records.fromarrays)" + "(**hint**: np.core.records.fromarrays)" ] }, { @@ -1631,7 +1631,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 92. Consider a large vector Z, compute Z to the power of 3 using 3 different methods (★★★) \n", - "##### (hint: np.power, \\*, np.einsum)" + "(**hint**: np.power, \\*, np.einsum)" ] }, { @@ -1648,7 +1648,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 93. Consider two arrays A and B of shape (8,3) and (2,2). How to find rows of A that contain elements of each row of B regardless of the order of the elements in B? (★★★) \n", - "##### (hint: np.where)" + "(**hint**: np.where)" ] }, { @@ -1681,7 +1681,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 95. Convert a vector of ints into a matrix binary representation (★★★) \n", - "##### (hint: np.unpackbits)" + "(**hint**: np.unpackbits)" ] }, { @@ -1698,7 +1698,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 96. Given a two dimensional array, how to extract unique rows? (★★★) \n", - "##### (hint: np.ascontiguousarray)" + "(**hint**: np.ascontiguousarray)" ] }, { @@ -1715,7 +1715,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 97. Considering 2 vectors A & B, write the einsum equivalent of inner, outer, sum, and mul function (★★★) \n", - "##### (hint: np.einsum)" + "(**hint**: np.einsum)" ] }, { @@ -1732,7 +1732,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 98. Considering a path described by two vectors (X,Y), how to sample it using equidistant samples (★★★)? \n", - "##### (hint: np.cumsum, np.interp)" + "(**hint**: np.cumsum, np.interp)" ] }, { @@ -1749,7 +1749,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 99. Given an integer n and a 2D array X, select from X the rows which can be interpreted as draws from a multinomial distribution with n degrees, i.e., the rows which only contain integers and which sum to n. (★★★) \n", - "##### (hint: np.logical\\_and.reduce, np.mod)" + "(**hint**: np.logical\\_and.reduce, np.mod)" ] }, { @@ -1766,7 +1766,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### 100. Compute bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals for the mean of a 1D array X (i.e., resample the elements of an array with replacement N times, compute the mean of each sample, and then compute percentiles over the means). (★★★) \n", - "##### (hint: np.percentile)" + "(**hint**: np.percentile)" ] }, { diff --git a/100 Numpy exercises with hint.md b/100 Numpy exercises with hint.md index 3c10d89..cd92748 100644 --- a/100 Numpy exercises with hint.md +++ b/100 Numpy exercises with hint.md @@ -12,103 +12,103 @@ free to open an issue at #### 1. Import the numpy package under the name `np` (★☆☆) -##### (hint: import … as ..) +(**hint**: import … as ..) #### 2. Print the numpy version and the configuration (★☆☆) -##### (hint: np.\_\_verison\_\_, np.show\_config) +(**hint**: np.\_\_verison\_\_, np.show\_config) #### 3. Create a null vector of size 10 (★☆☆) -##### (hint: np.zeros) +(**hint**: np.zeros) #### 4. How to find the memory size of any array (★☆☆) -##### (hint: size, itemsize) +(**hint**: size, itemsize) #### 5. How to get the documentation of the numpy add function from the command line? (★☆☆) -##### (hint: np.info) +(**hint**: np.info) #### 6. Create a null vector of size 10 but the fifth value which is 1 (★☆☆) -##### (hint: array\[4\]) +(**hint**: array\[4\]) #### 7. Create a vector with values ranging from 10 to 49 (★☆☆) -##### (hint: np.arange) +(**hint**: np.arange) #### 8. Reverse a vector (first element becomes last) (★☆☆) -##### (hint: array\[::-1\]) +(**hint**: array\[::-1\]) #### 9. Create a 3x3 matrix with values ranging from 0 to 8 (★☆☆) -##### (hint: reshape) +(**hint**: reshape) #### 10. Find indices of non-zero elements from \[1,2,0,0,4,0\] (★☆☆) -##### (hint: np.nonzero) +(**hint**: np.nonzero) #### 11. Create a 3x3 identity matrix (★☆☆) -##### (hint: np.eye) +(**hint**: np.eye) #### 12. Create a 3x3x3 array with random values (★☆☆) -##### (hint: np.random.random) +(**hint**: np.random.random) #### 13. Create a 10x10 array with random values and find the minimum and maximum values (★☆☆) -##### (hint: min, max) +(**hint**: min, max) #### 14. Create a random vector of size 30 and find the mean value (★☆☆) -##### (hint: mean) +(**hint**: mean) #### 15. Create a 2d array with 1 on the border and 0 inside (★☆☆) -##### (hint: array\[1:-1, 1:-1\]) +(**hint**: array\[1:-1, 1:-1\]) #### 16. How to add a border (filled with 0's) around an existing array? (★☆☆) -##### (hint: np.pad) +(**hint**: np.pad) #### 17. What is the result of the following expression? (★☆☆) -##### (hint: NaN = not a number, inf = infinity) +(**hint**: NaN = not a number, inf = infinity) ```python @@ -121,55 +121,55 @@ np.nan - np.nan #### 18. Create a 5x5 matrix with values 1,2,3,4 just below the diagonal (★☆☆) -##### (hint: np.diag) +(**hint**: np.diag) #### 19. Create a 8x8 matrix and fill it with a checkerboard pattern (★☆☆) -##### (hint: array\[::2\]) +(**hint**: array\[::2\]) #### 20. Consider a (6,7,8) shape array, what is the index (x,y,z) of the 100th element? -##### (hint: np.unravel\_index) +(**hint**: np.unravel\_index) #### 21. Create a checkerboard 8x8 matrix using the tile function (★☆☆) -##### (hint: np.tile) +(**hint**: np.tile) #### 22. Normalize a 5x5 random matrix (★☆☆) -##### (hint: (x - min) / (max - min)) +(**hint**: (x - min) / (max - min)) #### 23. Create a custom dtype that describes a color as four unsigned bytes (RGBA) (★☆☆) -##### (hint: np.dtype) +(**hint**: np.dtype) #### 24. Multiply a 5x3 matrix by a 3x2 matrix (real matrix product) (★☆☆) -##### (hint: np.dot | @) +(**hint**: np.dot | @) #### 25. Given a 1D array, negate all elements which are between 3 and 8, in place. (★☆☆) -##### (hint: >, <=) +(**hint**: >, <=) #### 26. What is the output of the following script? (★☆☆) -##### (hint: np.sum) +(**hint**: np.sum) ```python @@ -203,25 +203,25 @@ np.array([np.nan]).astype(int).astype(float) #### 29. How to round away from zero a float array ? (★☆☆) -##### (hint: np.uniform, np.copysign, np.ceil, np.abs) +(**hint**: np.uniform, np.copysign, np.ceil, np.abs) #### 30. How to find common values between two arrays? (★☆☆) -##### (hint: np.intersect1d) +(**hint**: np.intersect1d) #### 31. How to ignore all numpy warnings (not recommended)? (★☆☆) -##### (hint: np.seterr, np.errstate) +(**hint**: np.seterr, np.errstate) #### 32. Is the following expressions true? (★☆☆) -##### (hint: imaginary number) +(**hint**: imaginary number) ```python @@ -230,85 +230,85 @@ np.sqrt(-1) == np.emath.sqrt(-1) #### 33. How to get the dates of yesterday, today and tomorrow? (★☆☆) -##### (hint: np.datetime64, np.timedelta64) +(**hint**: np.datetime64, np.timedelta64) #### 34. How to get all the dates corresponding to the month of July 2016? (★★☆) -##### (hint: np.arange(dtype=datetime64\['D'\])) +(**hint**: np.arange(dtype=datetime64\['D'\])) #### 35. How to compute ((A+B)\*(-A/2)) in place (without copy)? (★★☆) -##### (hint: np.add(out=), np.negative(out=), np.multiply(out=), np.divide(out=)) +(**hint**: np.add(out=), np.negative(out=), np.multiply(out=), np.divide(out=)) #### 36. Extract the integer part of a random array using 5 different methods (★★☆) -##### (hint: %, np.floor, np.ceil, astype, np.trunc) +(**hint**: %, np.floor, np.ceil, astype, np.trunc) #### 37. Create a 5x5 matrix with row values ranging from 0 to 4 (★★☆) -##### (hint: np.arange) +(**hint**: np.arange) #### 38. Consider a generator function that generates 10 integers and use it to build an array (★☆☆) -##### (hint: np.fromiter) +(**hint**: np.fromiter) #### 39. Create a vector of size 10 with values ranging from 0 to 1, both excluded (★★☆) -##### (hint: np.linespace) +(**hint**: np.linespace) #### 40. Create a random vector of size 10 and sort it (★★☆) -##### (hint: sort) +(**hint**: sort) #### 41. How to sum a small array faster than np.sum? (★★☆) -##### (hint: np.add.reduce) +(**hint**: np.add.reduce) #### 42. Consider two random array A and B, check if they are equal (★★☆) -##### (hint: np.allclose, np.array\_equal) +(**hint**: np.allclose, np.array\_equal) #### 43. Make an array immutable (read-only) (★★☆) -##### (hint: flags.writeable) +(**hint**: flags.writeable) #### 44. Consider a random 10x2 matrix representing cartesian coordinates, convert them to polar coordinates (★★☆) -##### (hint: np.sqrt, np.arctan2) +(**hint**: np.sqrt, np.arctan2) #### 45. Create random vector of size 10 and replace the maximum value by 0 (★★☆) -##### (hint: argmax) +(**hint**: argmax) #### 46. Create a structured array with `x` and `y` coordinates covering the \[0,1\]x\[0,1\] area (★★☆) -##### (hint: np.meshgrid) +(**hint**: np.meshgrid) @@ -320,43 +320,43 @@ np.sqrt(-1) == np.emath.sqrt(-1) #### 48. Print the minimum and maximum representable value for each numpy scalar type (★★☆) -##### (hint: np.iinfo, np.finfo, eps) +(**hint**: np.iinfo, np.finfo, eps) #### 49. How to print all the values of an array? (★★☆) -##### (hint: np.set\_printoptions) +(**hint**: np.set\_printoptions) #### 50. How to find the closest value (to a given scalar) in a vector? (★★☆) -##### (hint: argmin) +(**hint**: argmin) #### 51. Create a structured array representing a position (x,y) and a color (r,g,b) (★★☆) -##### (hint: dtype) +(**hint**: dtype) #### 52. Consider a random vector with shape (100,2) representing coordinates, find point by point distances (★★☆) -##### (hint: np.atleast\_2d, T, np.sqrt) +(**hint**: np.atleast\_2d, T, np.sqrt) #### 53. How to convert a float (32 bits) array into an integer (32 bits) in place? -##### (hint: astype(copy=False)) +(**hint**: astype(copy=False)) #### 54. How to read the following file? (★★☆) -##### (hint: np.genfromtxt) +(**hint**: np.genfromtxt) ``` @@ -367,139 +367,139 @@ np.sqrt(-1) == np.emath.sqrt(-1) #### 55. What is the equivalent of enumerate for numpy arrays? (★★☆) -##### (hint: np.ndenumerate, np.ndindex) +(**hint**: np.ndenumerate, np.ndindex) #### 56. Generate a generic 2D Gaussian-like array (★★☆) -##### (hint: np.meshgrid, np.exp) +(**hint**: np.meshgrid, np.exp) #### 57. How to randomly place p elements in a 2D array? (★★☆) -##### (hint: np.put, np.random.choice) +(**hint**: np.put, np.random.choice) #### 58. Subtract the mean of each row of a matrix (★★☆) -##### (hint: mean(axis=,keepdims=)) +(**hint**: mean(axis=,keepdims=)) #### 59. How to sort an array by the nth column? (★★☆) -##### (hint: argsort) +(**hint**: argsort) #### 60. How to tell if a given 2D array has null columns? (★★☆) -##### (hint: any, ~) +(**hint**: any, ~) #### 61. Find the nearest value from a given value in an array (★★☆) -##### (hint: np.abs, argmin, flat) +(**hint**: np.abs, argmin, flat) #### 62. Considering two arrays with shape (1,3) and (3,1), how to compute their sum using an iterator? (★★☆) -##### (hint: np.nditer) +(**hint**: np.nditer) #### 63. Create an array class that has a name attribute (★★☆) -##### (hint: class method) +(**hint**: class method) #### 64. Consider a given vector, how to add 1 to each element indexed by a second vector (be careful with repeated indices)? (★★★) -##### (hint: np.bincount | np.add.at) +(**hint**: np.bincount | np.add.at) #### 65. How to accumulate elements of a vector (X) to an array (F) based on an index list (I)? (★★★) -##### (hint: np.bincount) +(**hint**: np.bincount) #### 66. Considering a (w,h,3) image of (dtype=ubyte), compute the number of unique colors (★★★) -##### (hint: np.unique) +(**hint**: np.unique) #### 67. Considering a four dimensions array, how to get sum over the last two axis at once? (★★★) -##### (hint: sum(axis=(-2,-1))) +(**hint**: sum(axis=(-2,-1))) #### 68. Considering a one-dimensional vector D, how to compute means of subsets of D using a vector S of same size describing subset indices? (★★★) -##### (hint: np.bincount) +(**hint**: np.bincount) #### 69. How to get the diagonal of a dot product? (★★★) -##### (hint: np.diag) +(**hint**: np.diag) #### 70. Consider the vector \[1, 2, 3, 4, 5\], how to build a new vector with 3 consecutive zeros interleaved between each value? (★★★) -##### (hint: array\[::4\]) +(**hint**: array\[::4\]) #### 71. Consider an array of dimension (5,5,3), how to mulitply it by an array with dimensions (5,5)? (★★★) -##### (hint: array\[:, :, None\]) +(**hint**: array\[:, :, None\]) #### 72. How to swap two rows of an array? (★★★) -##### (hint: array\[\[\]\] = array\[\[\]\]) +(**hint**: array\[\[\]\] = array\[\[\]\]) #### 73. Consider a set of 10 triplets describing 10 triangles (with shared vertices), find the set of unique line segments composing all the triangles (★★★) -##### (hint: repeat, np.roll, np.sort, view, np.unique) +(**hint**: repeat, np.roll, np.sort, view, np.unique) #### 74. Given an array C that is a bincount, how to produce an array A such that np.bincount(A) == C? (★★★) -##### (hint: np.repeat) +(**hint**: np.repeat) #### 75. How to compute averages using a sliding window over an array? (★★★) -##### (hint: np.cumsum) +(**hint**: np.cumsum) #### 76. Consider a one-dimensional array Z, build a two-dimensional array whose first row is (Z\[0\],Z\[1\],Z\[2\]) and each subsequent row is shifted by 1 (last row should be (Z\[-3\],Z\[-2\],Z\[-1\]) (★★★) -##### (hint: from numpy.lib import stride\_tricks) +(**hint**: from numpy.lib import stride\_tricks) #### 77. How to negate a boolean, or to change the sign of a float inplace? (★★★) -##### (hint: np.logical_not, np.negative) +(**hint**: np.logical_not, np.negative) @@ -513,49 +513,49 @@ np.sqrt(-1) == np.emath.sqrt(-1) #### 80. Consider an arbitrary array, write a function that extract a subpart with a fixed shape and centered on a given element (pad with a `fill` value when necessary) (★★★) -##### (hint: minimum, maximum) +(**hint**: minimum, maximum) #### 81. Consider an array Z = \[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14\], how to generate an array R = \[\[1,2,3,4\], \[2,3,4,5\], \[3,4,5,6\], ..., \[11,12,13,14\]\]? (★★★) -##### (hint: stride\_tricks.as\_strided) +(**hint**: stride\_tricks.as\_strided) #### 82. Compute a matrix rank (★★★) -##### (hint: np.linalg.svd) +(**hint**: np.linalg.svd) #### 83. How to find the most frequent value in an array? -##### (hint: np.bincount, argmax) +(**hint**: np.bincount, argmax) #### 84. Extract all the contiguous 3x3 blocks from a random 10x10 matrix (★★★) -##### (hint: stride\_tricks.as\_strided) +(**hint**: stride\_tricks.as\_strided) #### 85. Create a 2D array subclass such that Z\[i,j\] == Z\[j,i\] (★★★) -##### (hint: class method) +(**hint**: class method) #### 86. Consider a set of p matrices wich shape (n,n) and a set of p vectors with shape (n,1). How to compute the sum of of the p matrix products at once? (result has shape (n,1)) (★★★) -##### (hint: np.tensordot) +(**hint**: np.tensordot) #### 87. Consider a 16x16 array, how to get the block-sum (block size is 4x4)? (★★★) -##### (hint: np.add.reduceat) +(**hint**: np.add.reduceat) @@ -565,31 +565,31 @@ np.sqrt(-1) == np.emath.sqrt(-1) #### 89. How to get the n largest values of an array (★★★) -##### (hint: np.argsort | np.argpartition) +(**hint**: np.argsort | np.argpartition) #### 90. Given an arbitrary number of vectors, build the cartesian product (every combinations of every item) (★★★) -##### (hint: np.indices) +(**hint**: np.indices) #### 91. How to create a record array from a regular array? (★★★) -##### (hint: np.core.records.fromarrays) +(**hint**: np.core.records.fromarrays) #### 92. Consider a large vector Z, compute Z to the power of 3 using 3 different methods (★★★) -##### (hint: np.power, \*, np.einsum) +(**hint**: np.power, \*, np.einsum) #### 93. Consider two arrays A and B of shape (8,3) and (2,2). How to find rows of A that contain elements of each row of B regardless of the order of the elements in B? (★★★) -##### (hint: np.where) +(**hint**: np.where) @@ -599,35 +599,35 @@ np.sqrt(-1) == np.emath.sqrt(-1) #### 95. Convert a vector of ints into a matrix binary representation (★★★) -##### (hint: np.unpackbits) +(**hint**: np.unpackbits) #### 96. Given a two dimensional array, how to extract unique rows? (★★★) -##### (hint: np.ascontiguousarray) +(**hint**: np.ascontiguousarray) #### 97. Considering 2 vectors A & B, write the einsum equivalent of inner, outer, sum, and mul function (★★★) -##### (hint: np.einsum) +(**hint**: np.einsum) #### 98. Considering a path described by two vectors (X,Y), how to sample it using equidistant samples (★★★)? -##### (hint: np.cumsum, np.interp) +(**hint**: np.cumsum, np.interp) #### 99. Given an integer n and a 2D array X, select from X the rows which can be interpreted as draws from a multinomial distribution with n degrees, i.e., the rows which only contain integers and which sum to n. (★★★) -##### (hint: np.logical\_and.reduce, np.mod) +(**hint**: np.logical\_and.reduce, np.mod) #### 100. Compute bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals for the mean of a 1D array X (i.e., resample the elements of an array with replacement N times, compute the mean of each sample, and then compute percentiles over the means). (★★★) -##### (hint: np.percentile) +(**hint**: np.percentile)