diff --git a/questsions_dict.py b/questsions_dict.py index f8049b4..f66efc9 100644 --- a/questsions_dict.py +++ b/questsions_dict.py @@ -1,1163 +1,671 @@ qha = { - "q1": "1. Import the numpy package under the name `np` (★☆☆)", + "q1": "Import the numpy package under the name `np` (★☆☆)", "h1": "hint: import … as ", "a1": """ import numpy as np """, - "q2": "2. Print the numpy version and the configuration (★☆☆)", + "q2": "Print the numpy version and the configuration (★☆☆)", "h2": "hint: np.__version__, np.show_config)", "a2": """ """, - "q3": "3. Create a null vector of size 10 (★☆☆)", + "q3": "Create a null vector of size 10 (★☆☆)", "h3": "hint: np.zeros", "a3": """ """, - "q4": "4. How to find the memory size of any array (★☆☆)", + "q4": "How to find the memory size of any array (★☆☆)", "h4": "hint: size, itemsize", "a4": """ """, - "q5": "5. How to get the documentation of the numpy add function from the command line? (★☆☆)", + "q5": "How to get the documentation of the numpy add function from the command line? (★☆☆)", "h5": "hint: np.info", "a5": """ """, - "q6": "6. Create a null vector of size 10 but the fifth value which is 1 (★☆☆)", + "q6": "Create a null vector of size 10 but the fifth value which is 1 (★☆☆)", "h6": "hint: array[4]", "a6": """ """, - "q7": "7. Create a vector with values ranging from 10 to 49 (★☆☆)", + "q7": "Create a vector with values ranging from 10 to 49 (★☆☆)", "h7": "hint: arange", "a7": """ """, - "q8": "8. Reverse a vector (first element becomes last) (★☆☆)", + "q8": "Reverse a vector (first element becomes last) (★☆☆)", "h8": "hint: array[::-1]", "a8": """ """, - "q9": "9. Create a 3x3 matrix with values ranging from 0 to 8 (★☆☆)", + "q9": "Create a 3x3 matrix with values ranging from 0 to 8 (★☆☆)", "h9": "hint: reshape", "a9": """ """, - "q10": "10. Find indices of non-zero elements from [1,2,0,0,4,0] (★☆☆)", + "q10": "Find indices of non-zero elements from [1,2,0,0,4,0] (★☆☆)", "h10": "hint: np.nonzero", "a10": """ """, - "q11": "11. Create a 3x3 identity matrix (★☆☆)", + "q11": "Create a 3x3 identity matrix (★☆☆)", "h11": "hint: np.eye", "a11": """ """, - "q12": "12. Create a 3x3x3 array with random values (★☆☆)", + "q12": "Create a 3x3x3 array with random values (★☆☆)", "h12": "hint: np.random.random", "a12": """ """, - "q13": "", - "h13": "hint: ", + "q13": "Create a 10x10 array with random values and find the minimum and maximum values (★☆☆)", + "h13": "hint: min, max", "a13": """ """, - "q14": "", - "h14": "hint: ", + "q14": "Create a random vector of size 30 and find the mean value (★☆☆)", + "h14": "hint: mean", "a14": """ """, - "q15": "", - "h15": "hint: ", + "q15": "Create a 2d array with 1 on the border and 0 inside (★☆☆)", + "h15": "hint: array[1:-1, 1:-1]", "a15": """ """, - "q16": "", - "h16": "hint: ", + "q16": "How to add a border (filled with 0's) around an existing array? (★☆☆)", + "h16": "hint: np.pad", "a16": """ """, - "q17": "", - "h17": "hint: ", + "q17": """ +What is the result of the following expression? (★☆☆)" +```python +0 * np.nan +np.nan == np.nan +np.inf > np.nan +np.nan - np.nan +np.nan in set([np.nan]) +# 0.3 == 3 * 0.1 +# ```""", + "h17": "hint: NaN = not a number, inf = infinity", "a17": """ """, - "q18": "", - "h18": "hint: ", + "q18": "Create a 5x5 matrix with values 1,2,3,4 just below the diagonal (★☆☆)", + "h18": "hint: np.diag", "a18": """ """, - "q19": "", - "h19": "hint: ", + "q19": "Create a 8x8 matrix and fill it with a checkerboard pattern (★☆☆)", + "h19": "hint: array[::2]", "a19": """ """, - "q20": "", - "h20": "hint: ", + "q20": "Consider a (6,7,8) shape array, what is the index (x,y,z) of the 100th element?", + "h20": "hint: np.unravel_index", "a20": """ """, - "q21": "", - "h21": "hint: ", + "q21": "Create a checkerboard 8x8 matrix using the tile function (★☆☆)", + "h21": "hint: np.tile", "a21": """ """, - "q22": "", - "h22": "hint: ", + "q22": "Normalize a 5x5 random matrix (★☆☆)", + "h22": "hint: (x -mean)/std", "a22": """ """, - "q23": "", - "h23": "hint: ", + "q23": "Create a custom dtype that describes a color as four unsigned bytes (RGBA) (★☆☆)", + "h23": "hint: np.dtype", "a23": """ """, - "q24": "", + "q24": "Multiply a 5x3 matrix by a 3x2 matrix (real matrix product) (★☆☆)", "h24": "hint: ", "a24": """ """, - "q25": "", - "h25": "hint: ", + "q25": "Given a 1D array, negate all elements which are between 3 and 8, in place. (★☆☆)", + "h25": "hint: >, <=", "a25": """ """, - "q26": "", - "h26": "hint: ", + "q26": """ +What is the output of the following script? (★☆☆) +```python +# Author: Jake VanderPlas + +print(sum(range(5),-1)) +from numpy import * +print(sum(range(5),-1)) +``` +""", + "h26": "hint: np.sum", "a26": """ """, - "q27": "", - "h27": "hint: ", + "q27": """ +Consider an integer vector Z, which of these expressions are legal? (★☆☆) +```python +Z**Z +2 << Z >> 2 +Z <- Z +1j*Z +Z/1/1 +ZZ +```""", + "h27": "No hints provided...", "a27": """ """, - "q28": "", - "h28": "hint: ", + "q28": """ +What are the result of the following expressions? +```python +np.array(0) / np.array(0) +np.array(0) // np.array(0) +np.array([np.nan]).astype(int).astype(float) +``` +""", + + "h28": "No hints provided... ", "a28": """ """, - "q29": "", - "h29": "hint: ", + "q29": "How to round away from zero a float array ? (★☆☆)", + "h29": "hint: np.uniform, np.copysign, np.ceil, np.abs", "a29": """ """, - "q30": "", - "h30": "hint: ", + "q30": "How to find common values between two arrays? (★☆☆)", + "h30": "hint: np.intersect1d", "a30": """ """, - "q31": "", - "h31": "hint: ", + "q31": "How to ignore all numpy warnings (not recommended)? (★☆☆)", + "h31": "hint: np.seterr, np.errstate", "a31": """ """, - "q32": "", - "h32": "hint: ", + "q32": """ +Is the following expressions true? (★☆☆) +```python +np.sqrt(-1) == np.emath.sqrt(-1) +``` +""", + "h32": "hint: imaginary number", "a32": """ """, - "q33": "", - "h33": "hint: ", + "q33": "How to get the dates of yesterday, today and tomorrow? (★☆☆)", + "h33": "hint: np.datetime64, np.timedelta64", "a33": """ """, - "q34": "", - "h34": "hint: ", + "q34": "How to get all the dates corresponding to the month of July 2016? (★★☆)", + "h34": "hint: np.arange(dtype=datetime64['D'])", "a34": """ """, - "q35": "", - "h35": "hint: ", + "q35": "How to compute ((A+B)*(-A/2)) in place (without copy)? (★★☆)", + "h35": "hint: np.add(out=), np.negative(out=), np.multiply(out=), np.divide(out=)", "a35": """ """, - "q36": "", - "h36": "hint: ", + "q36": "Extract the integer part of a random array using 5 different methods (★★☆)", + "h36": "hint: %, np.floor, np.ceil, astype, np.trunc", "a36": """ """, - "q37": "", - "h37": "hint: ", + "q37": "Create a 5x5 matrix with row values ranging from 0 to 4 (★★☆)", + "h37": "hint: np.arange", "a37": """ """, - "q38": "", - "h38": "hint: ", + "q38": "Consider a generator function that generates 10 integers and use it to build an array (★☆☆)", + "h38": "hint: np.fromiter", "a38": """ """, - "q39": "", - "h39": "hint: ", + "q39": "Create a vector of size 10 with values ranging from 0 to 1, both excluded (★★☆)", + "h39": "hint: np.linspace", "a39": """ """, - "q40": "", - "h40": "hint: ", + "q40": "Create a random vector of size 10 and sort it (★★☆)", + "h40": "hint: sort", "a40": """ """, - "q41": "", - "h41": "hint: ", + "q41": "How to sum a small array faster than np.sum? (★★☆)", + "h41": "hint: np.add.reduce", "a41": """ """, - "q42": "", - "h42": "hint: ", + "q42": "Consider two random array A and B, check if they are equal (★★☆)", + "h42": "hint: np.allclose, np.array_equal", "a42": """ """, - "q43": "", - "h43": "hint: ", + "q43": "Make an array immutable (read-only) (★★☆)", + "h43": "hint: flags.writeable", "a43": """ """, - "q44": "", - "h44": "hint: ", + "q44": "Consider a random 10x2 matrix representing cartesian coordinates, convert them to polar coordinates (★★☆)", + "h44": "hint: np.sqrt, np.arctan2", "a44": """ """, - "q45": "", - "h45": "hint: ", + "q45": "Create random vector of size 10 and replace the maximum value by 0 (★★☆)", + "h45": "hint: argmax", "a45": """ """, - "q46": "", - "h46": "hint: ", + "q46": "Create a structured array with `x` and `y` coordinates covering the [0,1]x[0,1] area (★★☆)", + "h46": "hint: np.meshgrid", "a46": """ """, - "q47": "", - "h47": "hint: ", + "q47": "Given two arrays, X and Y, construct the Cauchy matrix C (Cij =1/(xi - yj))", + "h47": "hint: np.subtract.outer", "a47": """ """, - "q48": "", - "h48": "hint: ", + "q48": "Print the minimum and maximum representable value for each numpy scalar type (★★☆)", + "h48": "hint: np.iinfo, np.finfo, eps", "a48": """ """, - "q49": "", - "h49": "hint: ", + "q49": "How to print all the values of an array? (★★☆)", + "h49": "hint: np.set_printoptions", "a49": """ """, - "q50": "", - "h50": "hint: ", + "q50": "How to find the closest value (to a given scalar) in a vector? (★★☆)", + "h50": "hint: argmin", "a50": """ """, - "q51": "", - "h51": "hint: ", + "q51": "Create a structured array representing a position (x,y) and a color (r,g,b) (★★☆)", + "h51": "hint: dtype", "a51": """ """, - "q52": "", - "h52": "hint: ", + "q52": "Consider a random vector with shape (100,2) representing coordinates, find point by point distances (★★☆)", + "h52": "hint: np.atleast_2d, T, np.sqrt", "a52": """ """, - "q53": "", - "h53": "hint: ", + "q53": "How to convert a float (32 bits) array into an integer (32 bits) in place?", + "h53": "hint: astype(copy=False)", "a53": """ """, - "q54": "", - "h54": "hint: ", + "q54": """ +How to read the following file? (★★☆) +``` +1, 2, 3, 4, 5 +6, , , 7, 8 + , , 9,10,11 +``` +""", + "h54": "hint: np.genfromtxt", "a54": """ """, - "q55": "", - "h55": "hint: ", + "q55": "What is the equivalent of enumerate for numpy arrays? (★★☆)", + "h55": "hint: np.ndenumerate, np.ndindex", "a55": """ """, - "q56": "", - "h56": "hint: ", + "q56": "Generate a generic 2D Gaussian-like array (★★☆)", + "h56": "hint: np.meshgrid, np.exp", "a56": """ """, - "q57": "", - "h57": "hint: ", + "q57": "How to randomly place p elements in a 2D array? (★★☆)", + "h57": "hint: np.put, np.random.choice", "a57": """ """, - "q58": "", - "h58": "hint: ", + "q58": "Subtract the mean of each row of a matrix (★★☆)", + "h58": "hint: mean(axis=,keepdims=)", "a58": """ """, - "q59": "", - "h59": "hint: ", + "q59": "How to sort an array by the nth column? (★★☆)", + "h59": "hint: argsort", "a59": """ """, - "q60": "", - "h60": "hint: ", + "q60": "How to tell if a given 2D array has null columns? (★★☆)", + "h60": "hint: any, ~", "a60": """ """, - "q61": "", - "h61": "hint: ", + "q61": "Find the nearest value from a given value in an array (★★☆)", + "h61": "hint: np.abs, argmin, flat", "a61": """ """, - "q62": "", - "h62": "hint: ", + "q62": "Considering two arrays with shape (1,3) and (3,1), how to compute their sum using an iterator? (★★☆)", + "h62": "hint: np.nditer", "a62": """ """, - "q63": "", - "h63": "hint: ", + "q63": "Create an array class that has a name attribute (★★☆)", + "h63": "hint: class method", "a63": """ """, - "q64": "", - "h64": "hint: ", + "q64": "Consider a given vector, how to add 1 to each element indexed by a second vector " + "(be careful with repeated indices)? (★★★)", + "h64": "hint: np.bincount | np.add.at", "a64": """ """, - "q65": "", - "h65": "hint: ", + "q65": "How to accumulate elements of a vector (X) to an array (F) based on an index list (I)? (★★★)", + "h65": "hint: np.bincount", "a65": """ """, - "q66": "", - "h66": "hint: ", + "q66": "Considering a (w,h,3) image of (dtype=ubyte), compute the number of unique colors (★★★)", + "h66": "hint: np.unique", "a66": """ """, - "q67": "", - "h67": "hint: ", + "q67": "Considering a four dimensions array, how to get sum over the last two axis at once? (★★★)", + "h67": "hint: sum(axis=(-2,-1))", "a67": """ """, - "q68": "", - "h68": "hint: ", + "q68": "Considering a one-dimensional vector D, how to compute means of subsets of D using a vector S " + "of same size describing subset indices? (★★★)", + "h68": "hint: np.bincount", "a68": """ """, - "q69": "", - "h69": "hint: ", + "q69": "How to get the diagonal of a dot product? (★★★)", + "h69": "hint: np.diag", "a69": """ """, - "q70": "", - "h70": "hint: ", + "q70": "Consider the vector [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], how to build a new vector with 3 consecutive " + "zeros interleaved between each value? (★★★)", + "h70": "hint: array[::4]", "a70": """ """, - "q71": "", - "h71": "hint: ", + "q71": "Consider an array of dimension (5,5,3), how to mulitply it by an array with dimensions (5,5)? (★★★)", + "h71": "hint: array[:, :, None]", "a71": """ """, - "q72": "", - "h72": "hint: ", + "q72": "How to swap two rows of an array? (★★★)", + "h72": "hint: array[[]] = array[[]]", "a72": """ """, - "q73": "", - "h73": "hint: ", + "q73": "Consider a set of 10 triplets describing 10 triangles (with shared vertices), find the " + "set of unique line segments composing all the triangles (★★★)", + "h73": "hint: repeat, np.roll, np.sort, view, np.unique", "a73": """ """, - "q74": "", - "h74": "hint: ", + "q74": "Given an array C that is a bincount, how to produce an array A such that np.bincount(A) == C? (★★★)", + "h74": "hint: np.repeat", "a74": """ """, - "q75": "", - "h75": "hint: ", + "q75": "How to compute averages using a sliding window over an array? (★★★)", + "h75": "hint: np.cumsum", "a75": """ """, - "q76": "", - "h76": "hint: ", + "q76": "Consider a one-dimensional array Z, build a two-dimensional array whose first row is " + "(Z[0],Z[1],Z[2]) and each subsequent row is shifted by 1 (last row should be " + "(Z[-3],Z[-2],Z[-1]) (★★★)", + "h76": "hint: from numpy.lib import stride_tricks", "a76": """ """, - "q77": "", - "h77": "hint: ", + "q77": "How to negate a boolean, or to change the sign of a float inplace? (★★★)", + "h77": "hint: np.logical_not, np.negative", "a77": """ """, - "q78": "", - "h78": "hint: ", + "q78": "Consider 2 sets of points P0,P1 describing lines (2d) and a point p, how to compute " + "distance from p to each line i (P0[i],P1[i])? (★★★)", + "h78": "No hints provided...", "a78": """ """, - "q79": "", - "h79": "hint: ", + "q79": "Consider 2 sets of points P0,P1 describing lines (2d) and a set of points P, how to " + "compute distance from each point j (P[j]) to each line i (P0[i],P1[i])? (★★★)", + "h79": "No hints provided...", "a79": """ """, - "q80": "", - "h80": "hint: ", + "q80": "Consider an arbitrary array, write a function that extract a subpart with a fixed " + "shape and centered on a given element (pad with a `fill` value when necessary) (★★★)", + "h80": "hint: minimum maximum", "a80": """ """, - "q81": "", - "h81": "hint: ", + "q81": "Consider an array Z = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14], how to " + "generate an array R = [[1,2,3,4], [2,3,4,5], [3,4,5,6], ..., [11,12,13,14]]? (★★★)", + "h81": "hint: stride_tricks.as_strided", "a81": """ """, - "q82": "", - "h82": "hint: ", + "q82": "Compute a matrix rank (★★★) ", + "h82": "hint: np.linalg.svd", "a82": """ """, - "q83": "", - "h83": "hint: ", + "q83": "How to find the most frequent value in an array?", + "h83": "hint: np.bincount, argmax", "a83": """ """, - "q84": "", - "h84": "hint: ", + "q84": "Extract all the contiguous 3x3 blocks from a random 10x10 matrix (★★★)", + "h84": "hint: stride_tricks.as_strided", "a84": """ """, - "q85": "", - "h85": "hint: ", + "q85": "Create a 2D array subclass such that Z[i,j] == Z[j,i] (★★★)", + "h85": "hint: class method", "a85": """ """, - "q86": "", - "h86": "hint: ", + "q86": "Consider a set of p matrices wich shape (n,n) and a set of p vectors with shape (n,1). " + "How to compute the sum of of the p matrix products at once? (result has shape (n,1)) (★★★)", + "h86": "hint: np.tensordot", "a86": """ """, - "q87": "", - "h87": "hint: ", + "q87": "Consider a 16x16 array, how to get the block-sum (block size is 4x4)? (★★★)", + "h87": "hint: np.add.reduceat", "a87": """ """, - "q88": "", - "h88": "hint: ", + "q88": "How to implement the Game of Life using numpy arrays? (★★★)", + "h88": "No hints provided... ", "a88": """ """, - "q89": "", - "h89": "hint: ", + "q89": "How to get the n largest values of an array (★★★)", + "h89": "hint: np.argsort | np.argpartition", "a89": """ """, - "q90": "", - "h90": "hint: ", + "q90": "Given an arbitrary number of vectors, build the cartesian product " + "(every combinations of every item) (★★★)", + "h90": "hint: np.indices", "a90": """ """, - "q91": "", - "h91": "hint: ", + "q91": "How to create a record array from a regular array? (★★★)", + "h91": "hint: np.core.records.fromarrays", "a91": """ """, - "q92": "", - "h92": "hint: ", + "q92": "Consider a large vector Z, compute Z to the power of 3 using 3 different methods (★★★)", + "h92": "hint: np.power, *, np.einsum", "a92": """ """, - "q93": "", - "h93": "hint: ", + "q93": "Consider two arrays A and B of shape (8,3) and (2,2). How to find rows of A " + "that contain elements of each row of B regardless of the order of the elements in B? (★★★)", + "h93": "hint: np.where", "a93": """ """, - "q94": "", - "h94": "hint: ", + "q94": "Considering a 10x3 matrix, extract rows with unequal values (e.g. [2,2,3]) (★★★)", + "h94": "No hints provided...", "a94": """ """, - "q95": "", - "h95": "hint: ", + "q95": "Convert a vector of ints into a matrix binary representation (★★★)", + "h95": "hint: np.unpackbits", "a95": """ """, - "q96": "", - "h96": "hint: ", + "q96": "Given a two dimensional array, how to extract unique rows? (★★★)", + "h96": "hint: np.ascontiguousarray | np.unique", "a96": """ """, - "q97": "", - "h97": "hint: ", + "q97": "Considering 2 vectors A & B, write the einsum equivalent of inner, outer, sum, and mul function (★★★)", + "h97": "hint: np.einsum", "a97": """ """, - "q98": "", - "h98": "hint: ", + "q98": "Considering a path described by two vectors (X,Y), how to sample it using equidistant samples (★★★)?", + "h98": "hint: np.cumsum, np.interp ", "a98": """ """, - "q99": "", - "h99": "hint: ", + "q99": "Given an integer n and a 2D array X, select from X the rows which can be interpreted as draws " + "from a multinomial distribution with n degrees, i.e., the rows which only contain integers " + "and which sum to n. (★★★)", + "h99": "hint: np.logical_and.reduce, np.mod", "a99": """ """, - "q100": "", - "h100": "hint: ", + "q100": "Compute bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals for the mean of a 1D array X (i.e., " + "resample the elements of an array with replacement N times, compute the mean of " + "each sample, and then compute percentiles over the means). (★★★)", + "h100": "hint: np.percentile", "a100": """ """, } -# #### -# -# (**hint**: np.random.random) -# -# -# -# #### 13. Create a 10x10 array with random values and find the minimum and maximum values (★☆☆) -# -# (**hint**: min, max) -# -# -# -# #### 14. Create a random vector of size 30 and find the mean value (★☆☆) -# -# (**hint**: mean) -# -# -# -# #### 15. Create a 2d array with 1 on the border and 0 inside (★☆☆) -# -# (**hint**: array\[1:-1, 1:-1\]) -# -# -# -# #### 16. How to add a border (filled with 0's) around an existing array? (★☆☆) -# -# (**hint**: np.pad) -# -# -# -# #### 17. What is the result of the following expression? (★☆☆) -# -# (**hint**: NaN = not a number, inf = infinity) -# -# -# ```python -# 0 * np.nan -# np.nan == np.nan -# np.inf > np.nan -# np.nan - np.nan -# np.nan in set([np.nan]) -# 0.3 == 3 * 0.1 -# ``` -# -# #### 18. Create a 5x5 matrix with values 1,2,3,4 just below the diagonal (★☆☆) -# -# (**hint**: np.diag) -# -# -# -# #### 19. Create a 8x8 matrix and fill it with a checkerboard pattern (★☆☆) -# -# (**hint**: array\[::2\]) -# -# -# -# #### 20. Consider a (6,7,8) shape array, what is the index (x,y,z) of the 100th element? -# -# (**hint**: np.unravel\_index) -# -# -# -# #### 21. Create a checkerboard 8x8 matrix using the tile function (★☆☆) -# -# (**hint**: np.tile) -# -# -# -# #### 22. Normalize a 5x5 random matrix (★☆☆) -# -# (**hint**: (x - mean) / std) -# -# -# -# #### 23. Create a custom dtype that describes a color as four unsigned bytes (RGBA) (★☆☆) -# -# (**hint**: np.dtype) -# -# -# -# #### 24. Multiply a 5x3 matrix by a 3x2 matrix (real matrix product) (★☆☆) -# -# (**hint**: np.dot | @) -# -# -# -# #### 25. Given a 1D array, negate all elements which are between 3 and 8, in place. (★☆☆) -# -# (**hint**: >, <=) -# -# -# -# #### 26. What is the output of the following script? (★☆☆) -# -# (**hint**: np.sum) -# -# -# ```python -# # Author: Jake VanderPlas -# -# print(sum(range(5),-1)) -# from numpy import * -# print(sum(range(5),-1)) -# ``` -# -# #### 27. Consider an integer vector Z, which of these expressions are legal? (★☆☆) -# -# -# ```python -# Z**Z -# 2 << Z >> 2 -# Z <- Z -# 1j*Z -# Z/1/1 -# ZZ -# ``` -# -# #### 28. What are the result of the following expressions? -# -# -# ```python -# np.array(0) / np.array(0) -# np.array(0) // np.array(0) -# np.array([np.nan]).astype(int).astype(float) -# ``` -# -# #### 29. How to round away from zero a float array ? (★☆☆) -# -# (**hint**: np.uniform, np.copysign, np.ceil, np.abs) -# -# -# -# #### 30. How to find common values between two arrays? (★☆☆) -# -# (**hint**: np.intersect1d) -# -# -# -# #### 31. How to ignore all numpy warnings (not recommended)? (★☆☆) -# -# (**hint**: np.seterr, np.errstate) -# -# -# -# #### 32. Is the following expressions true? (★☆☆) -# -# (**hint**: imaginary number) -# -# -# ```python -# np.sqrt(-1) == np.emath.sqrt(-1) -# ``` -# -# #### 33. How to get the dates of yesterday, today and tomorrow? (★☆☆) -# -# (**hint**: np.datetime64, np.timedelta64) -# -# -# -# #### 34. How to get all the dates corresponding to the month of July 2016? (★★☆) -# -# (**hint**: np.arange(dtype=datetime64\['D'\])) -# -# -# -# #### 35. How to compute ((A+B)\*(-A/2)) in place (without copy)? (★★☆) -# -# (**hint**: np.add(out=), np.negative(out=), np.multiply(out=), np.divide(out=)) -# -# -# -# #### 36. Extract the integer part of a random array using 5 different methods (★★☆) -# -# (**hint**: %, np.floor, np.ceil, astype, np.trunc) -# -# -# -# #### 37. Create a 5x5 matrix with row values ranging from 0 to 4 (★★☆) -# -# (**hint**: np.arange) -# -# -# -# #### 38. Consider a generator function that generates 10 integers and use it to build an array (★☆☆) -# -# (**hint**: np.fromiter) -# -# -# -# #### 39. Create a vector of size 10 with values ranging from 0 to 1, both excluded (★★☆) -# -# (**hint**: np.linspace) -# -# -# -# #### 40. Create a random vector of size 10 and sort it (★★☆) -# -# (**hint**: sort) -# -# -# -# #### 41. How to sum a small array faster than np.sum? (★★☆) -# -# (**hint**: np.add.reduce) -# -# -# -# #### 42. Consider two random array A and B, check if they are equal (★★☆) -# -# (**hint**: np.allclose, np.array\_equal) -# -# -# -# #### 43. Make an array immutable (read-only) (★★☆) -# -# (**hint**: flags.writeable) -# -# -# -# #### 44. Consider a random 10x2 matrix representing cartesian coordinates, convert them to polar coordinates (★★☆) -# -# (**hint**: np.sqrt, np.arctan2) -# -# -# -# #### 45. Create random vector of size 10 and replace the maximum value by 0 (★★☆) -# -# (**hint**: argmax) -# -# -# -# #### 46. Create a structured array with `x` and `y` coordinates covering the \[0,1\]x\[0,1\] area (★★☆) -# -# (**hint**: np.meshgrid) -# -# -# -# #### 47. Given two arrays, X and Y, construct the Cauchy matrix C (Cij =1/(xi - yj)) -# -# ##### (hint: np.subtract.outer) -# -# -# -# #### 48. Print the minimum and maximum representable value for each numpy scalar type (★★☆) -# -# (**hint**: np.iinfo, np.finfo, eps) -# -# -# -# #### 49. How to print all the values of an array? (★★☆) -# -# (**hint**: np.set\_printoptions) -# -# -# -# #### 50. How to find the closest value (to a given scalar) in a vector? (★★☆) -# -# (**hint**: argmin) -# -# -# -# #### 51. Create a structured array representing a position (x,y) and a color (r,g,b) (★★☆) -# -# (**hint**: dtype) -# -# -# -# #### 52. Consider a random vector with shape (100,2) representing coordinates, find point by point distances (★★☆) -# -# (**hint**: np.atleast\_2d, T, np.sqrt) -# -# -# -# #### 53. How to convert a float (32 bits) array into an integer (32 bits) in place? -# -# (**hint**: astype(copy=False)) -# -# -# -# #### 54. How to read the following file? (★★☆) -# -# (**hint**: np.genfromtxt) -# -# -# ``` -# 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 -# 6, , , 7, 8 -# , , 9,10,11 -# ``` -# -# #### 55. What is the equivalent of enumerate for numpy arrays? (★★☆) -# -# (**hint**: np.ndenumerate, np.ndindex) -# -# -# -# #### 56. Generate a generic 2D Gaussian-like array (★★☆) -# -# (**hint**: np.meshgrid, np.exp) -# -# -# -# #### 57. How to randomly place p elements in a 2D array? (★★☆) -# -# (**hint**: np.put, np.random.choice) -# -# -# -# #### 58. Subtract the mean of each row of a matrix (★★☆) -# -# (**hint**: mean(axis=,keepdims=)) -# -# -# -# #### 59. How to sort an array by the nth column? (★★☆) -# -# (**hint**: argsort) -# -# -# -# #### 60. How to tell if a given 2D array has null columns? (★★☆) -# -# (**hint**: any, ~) -# -# -# -# #### 61. Find the nearest value from a given value in an array (★★☆) -# -# (**hint**: np.abs, argmin, flat) -# -# -# -# #### 62. Considering two arrays with shape (1,3) and (3,1), how to compute their sum using an iterator? (★★☆) -# -# (**hint**: np.nditer) -# -# -# -# #### 63. Create an array class that has a name attribute (★★☆) -# -# (**hint**: class method) -# -# -# -# #### 64. Consider a given vector, how to add 1 to each element indexed by a second vector (be careful with repeated indices)? (★★★) -# -# (**hint**: np.bincount | np.add.at) -# -# -# -# #### 65. How to accumulate elements of a vector (X) to an array (F) based on an index list (I)? (★★★) -# -# (**hint**: np.bincount) -# -# -# -# #### 66. Considering a (w,h,3) image of (dtype=ubyte), compute the number of unique colors (★★★) -# -# (**hint**: np.unique) -# -# -# -# #### 67. Considering a four dimensions array, how to get sum over the last two axis at once? (★★★) -# -# (**hint**: sum(axis=(-2,-1))) -# -# -# -# #### 68. Considering a one-dimensional vector D, how to compute means of subsets of D using a vector S of same size describing subset indices? (★★★) -# -# (**hint**: np.bincount) -# -# -# -# #### 69. How to get the diagonal of a dot product? (★★★) -# -# (**hint**: np.diag) -# -# -# -# #### 70. Consider the vector \[1, 2, 3, 4, 5\], how to build a new vector with 3 consecutive zeros interleaved between each value? (★★★) -# -# (**hint**: array\[::4\]) -# -# -# -# #### 71. Consider an array of dimension (5,5,3), how to mulitply it by an array with dimensions (5,5)? (★★★) -# -# (**hint**: array\[:, :, None\]) -# -# -# -# #### 72. How to swap two rows of an array? (★★★) -# -# (**hint**: array\[\[\]\] = array\[\[\]\]) -# -# -# -# #### 73. Consider a set of 10 triplets describing 10 triangles (with shared vertices), find the set of unique line segments composing all the triangles (★★★) -# -# (**hint**: repeat, np.roll, np.sort, view, np.unique) -# -# -# -# #### 74. Given an array C that is a bincount, how to produce an array A such that np.bincount(A) == C? (★★★) -# -# (**hint**: np.repeat) -# -# -# -# #### 75. How to compute averages using a sliding window over an array? (★★★) -# -# (**hint**: np.cumsum) -# -# -# -# #### 76. Consider a one-dimensional array Z, build a two-dimensional array whose first row is (Z\[0\],Z\[1\],Z\[2\]) and each subsequent row is shifted by 1 (last row should be (Z\[-3\],Z\[-2\],Z\[-1\]) (★★★) -# -# (**hint**: from numpy.lib import stride\_tricks) -# -# -# -# #### 77. How to negate a boolean, or to change the sign of a float inplace? (★★★) -# -# (**hint**: np.logical_not, np.negative) -# -# -# -# #### 78. Consider 2 sets of points P0,P1 describing lines (2d) and a point p, how to compute distance from p to each line i (P0\[i\],P1\[i\])? (★★★) -# -# -# -# #### 79. Consider 2 sets of points P0,P1 describing lines (2d) and a set of points P, how to compute distance from each point j (P\[j\]) to each line i (P0\[i\],P1\[i\])? (★★★) -# -# -# -# #### 80. Consider an arbitrary array, write a function that extract a subpart with a fixed shape and centered on a given element (pad with a `fill` value when necessary) (★★★) -# -# (**hint**: minimum, maximum) -# -# -# -# #### 81. Consider an array Z = \[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14\], how to generate an array R = \[\[1,2,3,4\], \[2,3,4,5\], \[3,4,5,6\], ..., \[11,12,13,14\]\]? (★★★) -# -# (**hint**: stride\_tricks.as\_strided) -# -# -# -# #### 82. Compute a matrix rank (★★★) -# -# (**hint**: np.linalg.svd) -# -# -# -# #### 83. How to find the most frequent value in an array? -# -# (**hint**: np.bincount, argmax) -# -# -# -# #### 84. Extract all the contiguous 3x3 blocks from a random 10x10 matrix (★★★) -# -# (**hint**: stride\_tricks.as\_strided) -# -# -# -# #### 85. Create a 2D array subclass such that Z\[i,j\] == Z\[j,i\] (★★★) -# -# (**hint**: class method) -# -# -# -# #### 86. Consider a set of p matrices wich shape (n,n) and a set of p vectors with shape (n,1). How to compute the sum of of the p matrix products at once? (result has shape (n,1)) (★★★) -# -# (**hint**: np.tensordot) -# -# -# -# #### 87. Consider a 16x16 array, how to get the block-sum (block size is 4x4)? (★★★) -# -# (**hint**: np.add.reduceat) -# -# -# -# #### 88. How to implement the Game of Life using numpy arrays? (★★★) -# -# -# -# #### 89. How to get the n largest values of an array (★★★) -# -# (**hint**: np.argsort | np.argpartition) -# -# -# -# #### 90. Given an arbitrary number of vectors, build the cartesian product (every combinations of every item) (★★★) -# -# (**hint**: np.indices) -# -# -# -# #### 91. How to create a record array from a regular array? (★★★) -# -# (**hint**: np.core.records.fromarrays) -# -# -# -# #### 92. Consider a large vector Z, compute Z to the power of 3 using 3 different methods (★★★) -# -# (**hint**: np.power, \*, np.einsum) -# -# -# -# #### 93. Consider two arrays A and B of shape (8,3) and (2,2). How to find rows of A that contain elements of each row of B regardless of the order of the elements in B? (★★★) -# -# (**hint**: np.where) -# -# -# -# #### 94. Considering a 10x3 matrix, extract rows with unequal values (e.g. \[2,2,3\]) (★★★) -# -# -# -# #### 95. Convert a vector of ints into a matrix binary representation (★★★) -# -# (**hint**: np.unpackbits) -# -# -# -# #### 96. Given a two dimensional array, how to extract unique rows? (★★★) -# -# (**hint**: np.ascontiguousarray | np.unique) -# -# -# -# #### 97. Considering 2 vectors A & B, write the einsum equivalent of inner, outer, sum, and mul function (★★★) -# -# (**hint**: np.einsum) -# -# -# -# #### 98. Considering a path described by two vectors (X,Y), how to sample it using equidistant samples (★★★)? -# -# (**hint**: np.cumsum, np.interp) -# -# -# -# #### 99. Given an integer n and a 2D array X, select from X the rows which can be interpreted as draws from a multinomial distribution with n degrees, i.e., the rows which only contain integers and which sum to n. (★★★) -# -# (**hint**: np.logical\_and.reduce, np.mod) -# -# -# -# #### 100. Compute bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals for the mean of a 1D array X (i.e., resample the elements of an array with replacement N times, compute the mean of each sample, and then compute percentiles over the means). (★★★) -# -# (**hint**: np.percentile) -#