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This commit is contained in:
Luciano Ramalho 2021-06-26 13:42:28 -03:00
parent e986e3bdc0
commit f0f160844d
26 changed files with 308 additions and 1004 deletions
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109
02-array-seq/lispy/examples_test.py Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
"""
Doctests for `parse`:
>>> from lis import parse
# tag::PARSE_DEMO[]
>>> parse('1.5') # <1>
1.5
>>> parse('set!') # <2>
'set!'
>>> parse('(gcd 18 44)') # <3>
['gcd', 18, 44]
>>> parse('(- m (* n (// m n)))') # <4>
['-', 'm', ['*', 'n', ['//', 'm', 'n']]]
# end::PARSE_DEMO[]
"""
import math
from lis import run
fact_src = """
(define (! n)
(if (< n 2)
1
(* n (! (- n 1)))
)
)
(! 42)
"""
def test_factorial():
got = run(fact_src)
assert got == 1405006117752879898543142606244511569936384000000000
assert got == math.factorial(42)
gcd_src = """
(define (mod m n)
(- m (* n (// m n))))
(define (gcd m n)
(if (= n 0)
m
(gcd n (mod m n))))
(gcd 18 45)
"""
def test_gcd():
got = run(gcd_src)
assert got == 9
quicksort_src = """
(define (quicksort lst)
(if (null? lst)
lst
(begin
(define pivot (car lst))
(define rest (cdr lst))
(append
(quicksort
(filter (lambda (x) (< x pivot)) rest))
(list pivot)
(quicksort
(filter (lambda (x) (>= x pivot)) rest)))
)
)
)
(quicksort (list 2 1 6 3 4 0 8 9 7 5))
"""
def test_quicksort():
got = run(quicksort_src)
assert got == [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
# Example from Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs
# https://mitpress.mit.edu/sites/default/files/sicp/full-text/sicp/book/node12.html
newton_src = """
(define (sqrt x)
(sqrt-iter 1.0 x))
(define (sqrt-iter guess x)
(if (good-enough? guess x)
guess
(sqrt-iter (improve guess x) x)))
(define (good-enough? guess x)
(< (abs (- (* guess guess) x)) 0.001))
(define (improve guess x)
(average guess (/ x guess)))
(define (average x y)
(/ (+ x y) 2))
(sqrt 123454321)
"""
def test_newton():
got = run(newton_src)
assert math.isclose(got, 11111)
closure_src = """
(define (make-adder increment)
(lambda (x) (+ increment x))
)
(define inc (make-adder 1))
(inc 99)
"""
def test_newton():
got = run(closure_src)
assert got == 100

92
18-context-mngr/lispy/py3.10/lis.py → 02-array-seq/lispy/lis.py
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@ -1,15 +1,16 @@
################ Lispy: Scheme Interpreter in Python 3.9
################ Lispy: Scheme Interpreter in Python 3.10
## (c) Peter Norvig, 2010-18; See http://norvig.com/lispy.html
## Minor edits for Fluent Python, Second Edition (O'Reilly, 2021)
## by Luciano Ramalho, adding type hints and pattern matching.
################ Imports and Types
################ imports and types
import math
import operator as op
from collections import ChainMap
from collections.abc import MutableMapping
from collections.abc import MutableMapping, Iterator
from itertools import chain
from typing import Any, TypeAlias
Symbol: TypeAlias = str
@ -23,7 +24,9 @@ class Procedure:
"A user-defined Scheme procedure."
def __init__(self, parms: list[Symbol], body: Expression, env: Environment):
self.parms, self.body, self.env = parms, body, env
self.parms = parms
self.body = body
self.env = env
def __call__(self, *args: Expression) -> Any:
local_env = dict(zip(self.parms, args))
@ -31,26 +34,26 @@ class Procedure:
return evaluate(self.body, env)
################ Global Environment
################ global environment
def standard_env() -> Environment:
"An environment with some Scheme standard procedures."
env: Environment = {}
env.update(vars(math)) # sin, cos, sqrt, pi, ...
env.update(
{
env.update({
'+': op.add,
'-': op.sub,
'*': op.mul,
'/': op.truediv,
'//': op.floordiv,
'>': op.gt,
'<': op.lt,
'>=': op.ge,
'<=': op.le,
'=': op.eq,
'abs': abs,
'append': op.add,
'append': lambda *args: list(chain(*args)),
'apply': lambda proc, args: proc(*args),
'begin': lambda *x: x[-1],
'car': lambda x: x[0],
@ -58,6 +61,7 @@ def standard_env() -> Environment:
'cons': lambda x, y: [x] + y,
'eq?': op.is_,
'equal?': op.eq,
'filter': lambda *args: list(filter(*args)),
'length': len,
'list': lambda *x: list(x),
'list?': lambda x: isinstance(x, list),
@ -70,12 +74,11 @@ def standard_env() -> Environment:
'procedure?': callable,
'round': round,
'symbol?': lambda x: isinstance(x, Symbol),
}
)
})
return env
################ Parsing: parse, tokenize, and read_from_tokens
################ parse, tokenize, and read_from_tokens
def parse(program: str) -> Expression:
@ -94,11 +97,11 @@ def read_from_tokens(tokens: list[str]) -> Expression:
raise SyntaxError('unexpected EOF while reading')
token = tokens.pop(0)
if '(' == token:
L = []
exp = []
while tokens[0] != ')':
L.append(read_from_tokens(tokens))
tokens.pop(0) # pop off ')'
return L
exp.append(read_from_tokens(tokens))
tokens.pop(0) # discard ')'
return exp
elif ')' == token:
raise SyntaxError('unexpected )')
else:
@ -116,7 +119,7 @@ def parse_atom(token: str) -> Atom:
return Symbol(token)
################ Interaction: A REPL
################ interaction: a REPL
def repl(prompt: str = 'lis.py> ') -> None:
@ -138,29 +141,50 @@ def lispstr(exp: object) -> str:
################ eval
def evaluate(x: Expression, env: Environment) -> Any:
# tag::EVALUATE[]
def evaluate(exp: Expression, env: Environment) -> Any:
"Evaluate an expression in an environment."
match x:
case Symbol(var): # variable reference
match exp:
case int(x) | float(x):
return x
case Symbol(var):
return env[var]
case literal if not isinstance(x, list): # constant literal
return literal
case ['quote', exp]: # (quote exp)
case []:
return []
case ['quote', exp]:
return exp
case ['if', test, conseq, alt]: # (if test conseq alt)
case ['if', test, consequence, alternative]:
if evaluate(test, env):
exp = conseq
return evaluate(consequence, env)
else:
exp = alt
return evaluate(exp, env)
case ['lambda', parms, body]: # (lambda (parm...) body)
return Procedure(parms, body, env)
case ['define', Symbol(var), exp]: # (define var exp)
env[var] = evaluate(exp, env)
case ['define', [name, *parms], body]: # (define (fun parm...) body)
return evaluate(alternative, env)
case ['define', Symbol(var), value_exp]:
env[var] = evaluate(value_exp, env)
case ['define', [Symbol(name), *parms], body]:
env[name] = Procedure(parms, body, env)
case [op, *args]: # (proc arg...)
case ['lambda', [*parms], body]:
return Procedure(parms, body, env)
case [op, *args]:
proc = evaluate(op, env)
values = (evaluate(arg, env) for arg in args)
values = [evaluate(arg, env) for arg in args]
return proc(*values)
case _:
raise SyntaxError(repr(exp))
# end::EVALUATE[]
################ non-interactive execution
def run_lines(source: str) -> Iterator[Any]:
global_env: Environment = standard_env()
tokens = tokenize(source)
while tokens:
exp = read_from_tokens(tokens)
yield evaluate(exp, global_env)
def run(source: str) -> Any:
for result in run_lines(source):
pass
return result

17
18-context-mngr/lispy/py3.10/lis_test.py → 02-array-seq/lispy/lis_test.py
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@ -4,6 +4,23 @@ from pytest import mark, fixture
from lis import parse, evaluate, Expression, Environment, standard_env
############################################################# tests for parse
@mark.parametrize( 'source, expected', [
('7', 7),
('x', 'x'),
('(sum 1 2 3)', ['sum', 1, 2, 3]),
('(+ (* 2 100) (* 1 10))', ['+', ['*', 2, 100], ['*', 1, 10]]),
('99 100', 99), # parse stops at the first complete expression
('(a)(b)', ['a']),
])
def test_parse(source: str, expected: Expression) -> None:
got = parse(source)
assert got == expected
########################################################## tests for evaluate
# Norvig's tests are not isolated: they assume the
# same environment from first to last test.
global_env_for_first_test = standard_env()

64
02-array-seq/lispy/meta_test.py Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
import operator as op
from lis import run
env_scm = """
(define standard-env (list
(list (quote +) +)
(list (quote -) -)
))
standard-env
"""
def test_env_build():
got = run(env_scm)
assert got == [['+', op.add], ['-', op.sub]]
scan_scm = """
(define l (quote (a b c)))
(define (scan what where)
(if (null? where)
()
(if (eq? what (car where))
what
(scan what (cdr where))))
)
"""
def test_scan():
source = scan_scm + '(scan (quote a) l )'
got = run(source)
assert got == 'a'
def test_scan_not_found():
source = scan_scm + '(scan (quote z) l )'
got = run(source)
assert got == []
lookup_scm = """
(define env (list
(list (quote +) +)
(list (quote -) -)
))
(define (lookup what where)
(if (null? where)
()
(if (eq? what (car (car where)))
(car (cdr (car where)))
(lookup what (cdr where))))
)
"""
def test_lookup():
source = lookup_scm + '(lookup (quote +) env)'
got = run(source)
assert got == op.add
def test_lookup_not_found():
source = lookup_scm + '(lookup (quote z) env )'
got = run(source)
assert got == []

32
02-array-seq/match_lat_lon.py Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
"""
metro_lat_long.py
Demonstration of nested tuple unpacking::
>>> main()
| latitude | longitude
Mexico City | 19.4333 | -99.1333
New York-Newark | 40.8086 | -74.0204
Sao Paulo | -23.5478 | -46.6358
"""
# tag::MAIN[]
metro_areas = [
('Tokyo', 'JP', 36.933, (35.689722, 139.691667)),
('Delhi NCR', 'IN', 21.935, (28.613889, 77.208889)),
('Mexico City', 'MX', 20.142, (19.433333, -99.133333)),
('New York-Newark', 'US', 20.104, (40.808611, -74.020386)),
('Sao Paulo', 'BR', 19.649, (-23.547778, -46.635833)),
]
def main():
print(f'{"":15} | {"latitude":>9} | {"longitude":>9}')
for record in metro_areas:
match record:
case [name, _, _, (lat, lon)] if lon <= 0:
print(f'{name:15} | {lat:9.4f} | {lon:9.4f}')
# end::MAIN[]
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()

12
02-array-seq/metro_lat_long.py → 02-array-seq/metro_lat_lon.py
View File

@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ metro_lat_long.py
Demonstration of nested tuple unpacking::
>>> main()
| lat. | long.
| latitude | longitude
Mexico City | 19.4333 | -99.1333
New York-Newark | 40.8086 | -74.0204
Sao Paulo | -23.5478 | -46.6358
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Demonstration of nested tuple unpacking::
"""
metro_areas = [
('Tokyo', 'JP', 36.933, (35.689722, 139.691667)), # <1>
('Tokyo', 'JP', 36.933, (35.689722, 139.691667)), # <1>
('Delhi NCR', 'IN', 21.935, (28.613889, 77.208889)),
('Mexico City', 'MX', 20.142, (19.433333, -99.133333)),
('New York-Newark', 'US', 20.104, (40.808611, -74.020386)),
@ -20,10 +20,10 @@ metro_areas = [
]
def main():
print(f'{"":15} | {"lat.":^9} | {"long.":^9}')
for name, cc, pop, (latitude, longitude) in metro_areas: # <2>
if longitude <= 0: # <3>
print(f'{name:15} | {latitude:9.4f} | {longitude:9.4f}')
print(f'{"":15} | {"latitude":>9} | {"longitude":>9}')
for name, _, _, (lat, lon) in metro_areas: # <2>
if lon <= 0: # <3>
print(f'{name:15} | {lat:9.4f} | {lon:9.4f}')
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()

2
04-text-byte/simplify.py
View File

@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ def shave_marks_latin(txt):
if unicodedata.combining(c) and latin_base: # <2>
continue # ignore diacritic on Latin base char
preserve.append(c) # <3>
# if it isn't combining char, it's a new base char
# if it isn't a combining char, it's a new base char
if not unicodedata.combining(c): # <4>
latin_base = c in string.ascii_letters
shaved = ''.join(preserve)

3
04-text-byte/zwj_sample.py
View File

@ -18,8 +18,7 @@ for line in zwg_sample.strip().split('\n'):
code, descr, version = (s.strip() for s in line.split('|'))
chars = [chr(int(c, 16)) for c in code.split()]
print(''.join(chars), version, descr, sep='\t', end='')
while chars:
char = chars.pop(0)
for char in chars:
if char in markers:
print(' + ' + markers[char], end='')
else:

6
05-record-like/class/coordinates.py
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@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
# tag::COORDINATE[]
class Coordinate:
def __init__(self, lat, long):
def __init__(self, lat, lon):
self.lat = lat
self.long = long
self.lon = lon
# end::COORDINATE[]
# end::COORDINATE[]

6
05-record-like/dataclass/coordinates.py
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@ -14,10 +14,10 @@ from dataclasses import dataclass
@dataclass(frozen=True)
class Coordinate:
lat: float
long: float
lon: float
def __str__(self):
ns = 'N' if self.lat >= 0 else 'S'
we = 'E' if self.long >= 0 else 'W'
return f'{abs(self.lat):.1f}°{ns}, {abs(self.long):.1f}°{we}'
we = 'E' if self.lon >= 0 else 'W'
return f'{abs(self.lat):.1f}°{ns}, {abs(self.lon):.1f}°{we}'
# end::COORDINATE[]

8
05-record-like/typing_namedtuple/coordinates.py
View File

@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ from typing import NamedTuple
class Coordinate(NamedTuple):
lat: float
long: float
lon: float
def __str__(self):
ns = 'N' if self.lat >= 0 else 'S'
we = 'E' if self.long >= 0 else 'W'
return f'{abs(self.lat):.1f}°{ns}, {abs(self.long):.1f}°{we}'
# end::COORDINATE[]
we = 'E' if self.lon >= 0 else 'W'
return f'{abs(self.lat):.1f}°{ns}, {abs(self.lon):.1f}°{we}'
# end::COORDINATE[]

6
05-record-like/typing_namedtuple/coordinates2.py
View File

@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ This version has a field with a default value::
>>> moscow = Coordinate(55.756, 37.617)
>>> moscow
Coordinate(lat=55.756, long=37.617, reference='WGS84')
Coordinate(lat=55.756, lon=37.617, reference='WGS84')
"""
@ -15,6 +15,6 @@ from typing import NamedTuple
class Coordinate(NamedTuple):
lat: float # <1>
long: float
lon: float
reference: str = 'WGS84' # <2>
# end::COORDINATE[]
# end::COORDINATE[]

2
05-record-like/typing_namedtuple/nocheck_demo.py
View File

@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import typing
class Coordinate(typing.NamedTuple):
lat: float
long: float
lon: float
trash = Coordinate('foo', None) # <1>
print(trash)

8
09-closure-deco/clockdeco.py
View File

@ -9,12 +9,8 @@ def clock(func):
result = func(*args, **kwargs)
elapsed = time.perf_counter() - t0
name = func.__name__
arg_lst = []
if args:
arg_lst.append(', '.join(repr(arg) for arg in args))
if kwargs:
pairs = [f'{k}={v!r}' for k, v in kwargs.items()]
arg_lst.append(', '.join(pairs))
arg_lst = [repr(arg) for arg in args]
arg_lst.extend(f'{k}={v!r}' for k, v in kwargs.items())
arg_str = ', '.join(arg_lst)
print(f'[{elapsed:0.8f}s] {name}({arg_str}) -> {result!r}')
return result

2
09-closure-deco/fibo_demo_cache.py
View File

@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from clockdeco import clock
def fibonacci(n):
if n < 2:
return n
return fibonacci(n-2) + fibonacci(n-1)
return fibonacci(n - 2) + fibonacci(n - 1)
if __name__ == '__main__':

4
09-closure-deco/htmlizer.py
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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ htmlize(): generic function example
>>> htmlize(abs)
'<pre>&lt;built-in function abs&gt;</pre>'
>>> htmlize('Heimlich & Co.\n- a game') # <2>
'<p>Heimlich &amp; Co.<br>\n- a game</p>'
'<p>Heimlich &amp; Co.<br/>\n- a game</p>'
>>> htmlize(42) # <3>
'<pre>42 (0x2a)</pre>'
>>> print(htmlize(['alpha', 66, {3, 2, 1}])) # <4>
@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ def htmlize(obj: object) -> str:
@htmlize.register # <2>
def _(text: str) -> str: # <3>
content = html.escape(text).replace('\n', '<br>\n')
content = html.escape(text).replace('\n', '<br/>\n')
return f'<p>{content}</p>'
@htmlize.register # <4>

2
11-pythonic-obj/private/Confidential.java
View File

@ -3,6 +3,6 @@ public class Confidential {
private String secret = "";
public Confidential(String text) {
secret = text.toUpperCase();
this.secret = text.toUpperCase();
}
}

21
18-context-mngr/lispy/LICENSE
View File

@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
MIT License
Copyright (c) 2010-2017 Peter Norvig
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.

28
18-context-mngr/lispy/README.md
View File

@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
# lis.py
This directory contains 3 versions of
[Peter Norvig's `lis.py` interpreter](https://norvig.com/lispy.html)
for a subset of [Scheme](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme_(programming_language)).
* `original/`: Norvig's `lis.py` unchanged, `lispy.py` with
[minor changes](https://github.com/norvig/pytudes/pull/106) to run on Python 3,
and the `lispytest.py` custom test script;
* `py3.9/`: `lis.py` with type hints and a few minor edits—requires Python 3.9;
* `py3.10/`: `lis.py` with type hints, pattern matching, and minor edits—requires Python 3.10.
The `py3.9/` and `py3.10/` directories also have identical `lis_test.py` to run with
[pytest](https://docs.pytest.org).
These files include all the
[`lis_tests` suite](https://github.com/norvig/pytudes/blob/60168bce8cdfacf57c92a5b2979f0b2e95367753/py/lispytest.py#L5)
from `original/lispytest.py`,
and additional separate tests for each expression and special form handled by `evaluate`.
## Provenance, Copyright and License
`lis.py` is published in the [norvig/pytudes](https://github.com/norvig/pytudes) repository on Github.
The copyright holder is Peter Norvig and the code is licensed under the
[MIT license](https://github.com/norvig/pytudes/blob/60168bce8cdfacf57c92a5b2979f0b2e95367753/LICENSE).
I wrote the changes and additions described above.
— Luciano Ramalho ([@ramalho](https://github.com/ramalho/)), 2021-06-09.

132
18-context-mngr/lispy/original/lis.py
View File

@ -1,132 +0,0 @@
################ Lispy: Scheme Interpreter in Python 3.3+
## (c) Peter Norvig, 2010-18; See http://norvig.com/lispy.html
################ Imports and Types
import math
import operator as op
from collections import ChainMap as Environment
Symbol = str # A Lisp Symbol is implemented as a Python str
List = list # A Lisp List is implemented as a Python list
Number = (int, float) # A Lisp Number is implemented as a Python int or float
class Procedure(object):
"A user-defined Scheme procedure."
def __init__(self, parms, body, env):
self.parms, self.body, self.env = parms, body, env
def __call__(self, *args):
env = Environment(dict(zip(self.parms, args)), self.env)
return eval(self.body, env)
################ Global Environment
def standard_env():
"An environment with some Scheme standard procedures."
env = {}
env.update(vars(math)) # sin, cos, sqrt, pi, ...
env.update({
'+':op.add, '-':op.sub, '*':op.mul, '/':op.truediv,
'>':op.gt, '<':op.lt, '>=':op.ge, '<=':op.le, '=':op.eq,
'abs': abs,
'append': op.add,
'apply': lambda proc, args: proc(*args),
'begin': lambda *x: x[-1],
'car': lambda x: x[0],
'cdr': lambda x: x[1:],
'cons': lambda x,y: [x] + y,
'eq?': op.is_,
'equal?': op.eq,
'length': len,
'list': lambda *x: list(x),
'list?': lambda x: isinstance(x,list),
'map': lambda *args: list(map(*args)),
'max': max,
'min': min,
'not': op.not_,
'null?': lambda x: x == [],
'number?': lambda x: isinstance(x, Number),
'procedure?': callable,
'round': round,
'symbol?': lambda x: isinstance(x, Symbol),
})
return env
global_env = standard_env()
################ Parsing: parse, tokenize, and read_from_tokens
def parse(program):
"Read a Scheme expression from a string."
return read_from_tokens(tokenize(program))
def tokenize(s):
"Convert a string into a list of tokens."
return s.replace('(',' ( ').replace(')',' ) ').split()
def read_from_tokens(tokens):
"Read an expression from a sequence of tokens."
if len(tokens) == 0:
raise SyntaxError('unexpected EOF while reading')
token = tokens.pop(0)
if '(' == token:
L = []
while tokens[0] != ')':
L.append(read_from_tokens(tokens))
tokens.pop(0) # pop off ')'
return L
elif ')' == token:
raise SyntaxError('unexpected )')
else:
return atom(token)
def atom(token):
"Numbers become numbers; every other token is a symbol."
try: return int(token)
except ValueError:
try: return float(token)
except ValueError:
return Symbol(token)
################ Interaction: A REPL
def repl(prompt='lis.py> '):
"A prompt-read-eval-print loop."
while True:
val = eval(parse(input(prompt)))
if val is not None:
print(lispstr(val))
def lispstr(exp):
"Convert a Python object back into a Lisp-readable string."
if isinstance(exp, List):
return '(' + ' '.join(map(lispstr, exp)) + ')'
else:
return str(exp)
################ eval
def eval(x, env=global_env):
"Evaluate an expression in an environment."
if isinstance(x, Symbol): # variable reference
return env[x]
elif not isinstance(x, List): # constant literal
return x
elif x[0] == 'quote': # (quote exp)
(_, exp) = x
return exp
elif x[0] == 'if': # (if test conseq alt)
(_, test, conseq, alt) = x
exp = (conseq if eval(test, env) else alt)
return eval(exp, env)
elif x[0] == 'define': # (define var exp)
(_, var, exp) = x
env[var] = eval(exp, env)
elif x[0] == 'lambda': # (lambda (var...) body)
(_, parms, body) = x
return Procedure(parms, body, env)
else: # (proc arg...)
proc = eval(x[0], env)
args = [eval(exp, env) for exp in x[1:]]
return proc(*args)

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################ Scheme Interpreter in Python
## (c) Peter Norvig, 2010; See http://norvig.com/lispy2.html
################ Symbol, Procedure, classes
import re, sys, io
class Symbol(str): pass
def Sym(s, symbol_table={}):
"Find or create unique Symbol entry for str s in symbol table."
if s not in symbol_table: symbol_table[s] = Symbol(s)
return symbol_table[s]
_quote, _if, _set, _define, _lambda, _begin, _definemacro, = map(Sym,
"quote if set! define lambda begin define-macro".split())
_quasiquote, _unquote, _unquotesplicing = map(Sym,
"quasiquote unquote unquote-splicing".split())
class Procedure:
"A user-defined Scheme procedure."
def __init__(self, parms, exp, env):
self.parms, self.exp, self.env = parms, exp, env
def __call__(self, *args):
return eval(self.exp, Env(self.parms, args, self.env))
################ parse, read, and user interaction
def parse(inport):
"Parse a program: read and expand/error-check it."
# Backwards compatibility: given a str, convert it to an InPort
if isinstance(inport, str): inport = InPort(io.StringIO(inport))
return expand(read(inport), toplevel=True)
eof_object = Symbol('#<eof-object>') # Note: uninterned; can't be read
class InPort:
"An input port. Retains a line of chars."
tokenizer = r"""\s*(,@|[('`,)]|"(?:[\\].|[^\\"])*"|;.*|[^\s('"`,;)]*)(.*)"""
def __init__(self, file):
self.file = file; self.line = ''
def next_token(self):
"Return the next token, reading new text into line buffer if needed."
while True:
if self.line == '': self.line = self.file.readline()
if self.line == '': return eof_object
token, self.line = re.match(InPort.tokenizer, self.line).groups()
if token != '' and not token.startswith(';'):
return token
def readchar(inport):
"Read the next character from an input port."
if inport.line != '':
ch, inport.line = inport.line[0], inport.line[1:]
return ch
else:
return inport.file.read(1) or eof_object
def read(inport):
"Read a Scheme expression from an input port."
def read_ahead(token):
if '(' == token:
L = []
while True:
token = inport.next_token()
if token == ')': return L
else: L.append(read_ahead(token))
elif ')' == token: raise SyntaxError('unexpected )')
elif token in quotes: return [quotes[token], read(inport)]
elif token is eof_object: raise SyntaxError('unexpected EOF in list')
else: return atom(token)
# body of read:
token1 = inport.next_token()
return eof_object if token1 is eof_object else read_ahead(token1)
quotes = {"'":_quote, "`":_quasiquote, ",":_unquote, ",@":_unquotesplicing}
def atom(token):
'Numbers become numbers; #t and #f are booleans; "..." string; otherwise Symbol.'
if token == '#t': return True
elif token == '#f': return False
elif token[0] == '"': return token[1:-1]
try: return int(token)
except ValueError:
try: return float(token)
except ValueError:
try: return complex(token.replace('i', 'j', 1))
except ValueError:
return Sym(token)
def to_string(x):
"Convert a Python object back into a Lisp-readable string."
if x is True: return "#t"
elif x is False: return "#f"
elif isa(x, Symbol): return x
elif isa(x, str): return repr(x)
elif isa(x, list): return '('+' '.join(map(to_string, x))+')'
elif isa(x, complex): return str(x).replace('j', 'i')
else: return str(x)
def load(filename):
"Eval every expression from a file."
repl(None, InPort(open(filename)), None)
def repl(prompt='lispy> ', inport=InPort(sys.stdin), out=sys.stdout):
"A prompt-read-eval-print loop."
sys.stderr.write("Lispy version 2.0\n")
while True:
try:
if prompt: sys.stderr.write(prompt)
x = parse(inport)
if x is eof_object: return
val = eval(x)
if val is not None and out: print(to_string(val), file=out)
except Exception as e:
print('%s: %s' % (type(e).__name__, e))
################ Environment class
class Env(dict):
"An environment: a dict of {'var':val} pairs, with an outer Env."
def __init__(self, parms=(), args=(), outer=None):
# Bind parm list to corresponding args, or single parm to list of args
self.outer = outer
if isa(parms, Symbol):
self.update({parms:list(args)})
else:
if len(args) != len(parms):
raise TypeError('expected %s, given %s, '
% (to_string(parms), to_string(args)))
self.update(zip(parms,args))
def find(self, var):
"Find the innermost Env where var appears."
if var in self: return self
elif self.outer is None: raise LookupError(var)
else: return self.outer.find(var)
def is_pair(x): return x != [] and isa(x, list)
def cons(x, y): return [x]+y
def callcc(proc):
"Call proc with current continuation; escape only"
ball = RuntimeWarning("Sorry, can't continue this continuation any longer.")
def throw(retval): ball.retval = retval; raise ball
try:
return proc(throw)
except RuntimeWarning as w:
if w is ball: return ball.retval
else: raise w
def add_globals(self):
"Add some Scheme standard procedures."
import math, cmath, operator as op
self.update(vars(math))
self.update(vars(cmath))
self.update({
'+':op.add, '-':op.sub, '*':op.mul, '/':op.truediv, 'not':op.not_,
'>':op.gt, '<':op.lt, '>=':op.ge, '<=':op.le, '=':op.eq,
'equal?':op.eq, 'eq?':op.is_, 'length':len, 'cons':cons,
'car':lambda x:x[0], 'cdr':lambda x:x[1:], 'append':op.add,
'list':lambda *x:list(x), 'list?': lambda x:isa(x,list),
'null?':lambda x:x==[], 'symbol?':lambda x: isa(x, Symbol),
'boolean?':lambda x: isa(x, bool), 'pair?':is_pair,
'port?': lambda x:isa(x,file), 'apply':lambda proc,l: proc(*l),
'eval':lambda x: eval(expand(x)), 'load':lambda fn: load(fn), 'call/cc':callcc,
'open-input-file':open,'close-input-port':lambda p: p.file.close(),
'open-output-file':lambda f:open(f,'w'), 'close-output-port':lambda p: p.close(),
'eof-object?':lambda x:x is eof_object, 'read-char':readchar,
'read':read, 'write':lambda x,port=sys.stdout:port.write(to_string(x)),
'display':lambda x,port=sys.stdout:port.write(x if isa(x,str) else to_string(x))})
return self
isa = isinstance
global_env = add_globals(Env())
################ eval (tail recursive)
def eval(x, env=global_env):
"Evaluate an expression in an environment."
while True:
if isa(x, Symbol): # variable reference
return env.find(x)[x]
elif not isa(x, list): # constant literal
return x
elif x[0] is _quote: # (quote exp)
(_, exp) = x
return exp
elif x[0] is _if: # (if test conseq alt)
(_, test, conseq, alt) = x
x = (conseq if eval(test, env) else alt)
elif x[0] is _set: # (set! var exp)
(_, var, exp) = x
env.find(var)[var] = eval(exp, env)
return None
elif x[0] is _define: # (define var exp)
(_, var, exp) = x
env[var] = eval(exp, env)
return None
elif x[0] is _lambda: # (lambda (var*) exp)
(_, vars, exp) = x
return Procedure(vars, exp, env)
elif x[0] is _begin: # (begin exp+)
for exp in x[1:-1]:
eval(exp, env)
x = x[-1]
else: # (proc exp*)
exps = [eval(exp, env) for exp in x]
proc = exps.pop(0)
if isa(proc, Procedure):
x = proc.exp
env = Env(proc.parms, exps, proc.env)
else:
return proc(*exps)
################ expand
def expand(x, toplevel=False):
"Walk tree of x, making optimizations/fixes, and signaling SyntaxError."
require(x, x!=[]) # () => Error
if not isa(x, list): # constant => unchanged
return x
elif x[0] is _quote: # (quote exp)
require(x, len(x)==2)
return x
elif x[0] is _if:
if len(x)==3: x = x + [None] # (if t c) => (if t c None)
require(x, len(x)==4)
return list(map(expand, x))
elif x[0] is _set:
require(x, len(x)==3);
var = x[1] # (set! non-var exp) => Error
require(x, isa(var, Symbol), "can set! only a symbol")
return [_set, var, expand(x[2])]
elif x[0] is _define or x[0] is _definemacro:
require(x, len(x)>=3)
_def, v, body = x[0], x[1], x[2:]
if isa(v, list) and v: # (define (f args) body)
f, args = v[0], v[1:] # => (define f (lambda (args) body))
return expand([_def, f, [_lambda, args]+body])
else:
require(x, len(x)==3) # (define non-var/list exp) => Error
require(x, isa(v, Symbol), "can define only a symbol")
exp = expand(x[2])
if _def is _definemacro:
require(x, toplevel, "define-macro only allowed at top level")
proc = eval(exp)
require(x, callable(proc), "macro must be a procedure")
macro_table[v] = proc # (define-macro v proc)
return None # => None; add v:proc to macro_table
return [_define, v, exp]
elif x[0] is _begin:
if len(x)==1: return None # (begin) => None
else: return [expand(xi, toplevel) for xi in x]
elif x[0] is _lambda: # (lambda (x) e1 e2)
require(x, len(x)>=3) # => (lambda (x) (begin e1 e2))
vars, body = x[1], x[2:]
require(x, (isa(vars, list) and all(isa(v, Symbol) for v in vars))
or isa(vars, Symbol), "illegal lambda argument list")
exp = body[0] if len(body) == 1 else [_begin] + body
return [_lambda, vars, expand(exp)]
elif x[0] is _quasiquote: # `x => expand_quasiquote(x)
require(x, len(x)==2)
return expand_quasiquote(x[1])
elif isa(x[0], Symbol) and x[0] in macro_table:
return expand(macro_table[x[0]](*x[1:]), toplevel) # (m arg...)
else: # => macroexpand if m isa macro
return list(map(expand, x)) # (f arg...) => expand each
def require(x, predicate, msg="wrong length"):
"Signal a syntax error if predicate is false."
if not predicate: raise SyntaxError(to_string(x)+': '+msg)
_append, _cons, _let = map(Sym, "append cons let".split())
def expand_quasiquote(x):
"""Expand `x => 'x; `,x => x; `(,@x y) => (append x y) """
if not is_pair(x):
return [_quote, x]
require(x, x[0] is not _unquotesplicing, "can't splice here")
if x[0] is _unquote:
require(x, len(x)==2)
return x[1]
elif is_pair(x[0]) and x[0][0] is _unquotesplicing:
require(x[0], len(x[0])==2)
return [_append, x[0][1], expand_quasiquote(x[1:])]
else:
return [_cons, expand_quasiquote(x[0]), expand_quasiquote(x[1:])]
def let(*args):
args = list(args)
x = cons(_let, args)
require(x, len(args)>1)
bindings, body = args[0], args[1:]
require(x, all(isa(b, list) and len(b)==2 and isa(b[0], Symbol)
for b in bindings), "illegal binding list")
vars, vals = zip(*bindings)
return [[_lambda, list(vars)]+list(map(expand, body))] + list(map(expand, vals))
macro_table = {_let:let} ## More macros can go here
eval(parse("""(begin
(define-macro and (lambda args
(if (null? args) #t
(if (= (length args) 1) (car args)
`(if ,(car args) (and ,@(cdr args)) #f)))))
;; More macros can also go here
)"""))
if __name__ == '__main__':
repl()

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from __future__ import print_function
################ Tests for lis.py and lispy.py
lis_tests = [
("(quote (testing 1 (2.0) -3.14e159))", ['testing', 1, [2.0], -3.14e159]),
("(+ 2 2)", 4),
("(+ (* 2 100) (* 1 10))", 210),
("(if (> 6 5) (+ 1 1) (+ 2 2))", 2),
("(if (< 6 5) (+ 1 1) (+ 2 2))", 4),
("(define x 3)", None), ("x", 3), ("(+ x x)", 6),
("((lambda (x) (+ x x)) 5)", 10),
("(define twice (lambda (x) (* 2 x)))", None), ("(twice 5)", 10),
("(define compose (lambda (f g) (lambda (x) (f (g x)))))", None),
("((compose list twice) 5)", [10]),
("(define repeat (lambda (f) (compose f f)))", None),
("((repeat twice) 5)", 20), ("((repeat (repeat twice)) 5)", 80),
("(define fact (lambda (n) (if (<= n 1) 1 (* n (fact (- n 1))))))", None),
("(fact 3)", 6),
("(fact 50)", 30414093201713378043612608166064768844377641568960512000000000000),
("(define abs (lambda (n) ((if (> n 0) + -) 0 n)))", None),
("(list (abs -3) (abs 0) (abs 3))", [3, 0, 3]),
("""(define combine (lambda (f)
(lambda (x y)
(if (null? x) (quote ())
(f (list (car x) (car y))
((combine f) (cdr x) (cdr y)))))))""", None),
("(define zip (combine cons))", None),
("(zip (list 1 2 3 4) (list 5 6 7 8))", [[1, 5], [2, 6], [3, 7], [4, 8]]),
("""(define riff-shuffle (lambda (deck) (begin
(define take (lambda (n seq) (if (<= n 0) (quote ()) (cons (car seq) (take (- n 1) (cdr seq))))))
(define drop (lambda (n seq) (if (<= n 0) seq (drop (- n 1) (cdr seq)))))
(define mid (lambda (seq) (/ (length seq) 2)))
((combine append) (take (mid deck) deck) (drop (mid deck) deck)))))""", None),
("(riff-shuffle (list 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8))", [1, 5, 2, 6, 3, 7, 4, 8]),
("((repeat riff-shuffle) (list 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8))", [1, 3, 5, 7, 2, 4, 6, 8]),
("(riff-shuffle (riff-shuffle (riff-shuffle (list 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8))))", [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]),
]
lispy_tests = [
("()", SyntaxError), ("(set! x)", SyntaxError),
("(define 3 4)", SyntaxError),
("(quote 1 2)", SyntaxError), ("(if 1 2 3 4)", SyntaxError),
("(lambda 3 3)", SyntaxError), ("(lambda (x))", SyntaxError),
("""(if (= 1 2) (define-macro a 'a)
(define-macro a 'b))""", SyntaxError),
("(define (twice x) (* 2 x))", None), ("(twice 2)", 4),
("(twice 2 2)", TypeError),
("(define lyst (lambda items items))", None),
("(lyst 1 2 3 (+ 2 2))", [1,2,3,4]),
("(if 1 2)", 2),
("(if (= 3 4) 2)", None),
("(begin (define x 1) (set! x (+ x 1)) (+ x 1))", 3),
("(define ((account bal) amt) (set! bal (+ bal amt)) bal)", None),
("(define a1 (account 100))", None),
("(a1 0)", 100), ("(a1 10)", 110), ("(a1 10)", 120),
("""(define (newton guess function derivative epsilon)
(define guess2 (- guess (/ (function guess) (derivative guess))))
(if (< (abs (- guess guess2)) epsilon) guess2
(newton guess2 function derivative epsilon)))""", None),
("""(define (square-root a)
(newton 1 (lambda (x) (- (* x x) a)) (lambda (x) (* 2 x)) 1e-8))""", None),
("(> (square-root 200.) 14.14213)", True),
("(< (square-root 200.) 14.14215)", True),
("(= (square-root 200.) (sqrt 200.))", True),
("""(define (sum-squares-range start end)
(define (sumsq-acc start end acc)
(if (> start end) acc (sumsq-acc (+ start 1) end (+ (* start start) acc))))
(sumsq-acc start end 0))""", None),
("(sum-squares-range 1 3000)", 9004500500), ## Tests tail recursion
("(call/cc (lambda (throw) (+ 5 (* 10 (throw 1))))) ;; throw", 1),
("(call/cc (lambda (throw) (+ 5 (* 10 1)))) ;; do not throw", 15),
("""(call/cc (lambda (throw)
(+ 5 (* 10 (call/cc (lambda (escape) (* 100 (escape 3)))))))) ; 1 level""", 35),
("""(call/cc (lambda (throw)
(+ 5 (* 10 (call/cc (lambda (escape) (* 100 (throw 3)))))))) ; 2 levels""", 3),
("""(call/cc (lambda (throw)
(+ 5 (* 10 (call/cc (lambda (escape) (* 100 1))))))) ; 0 levels""", 1005),
("(* 1i 1i)", -1), ("(sqrt -1)", 1j),
("(let ((a 1) (b 2)) (+ a b))", 3),
("(let ((a 1) (b 2 3)) (+ a b))", SyntaxError),
("(and 1 2 3)", 3), ("(and (> 2 1) 2 3)", 3), ("(and)", True),
("(and (> 2 1) (> 2 3))", False),
("(define-macro unless (lambda args `(if (not ,(car args)) (begin ,@(cdr args))))) ; test `", None),
("(unless (= 2 (+ 1 1)) (display 2) 3 4)", None),
(r'(unless (= 4 (+ 1 1)) (display 2) (display "\n") 3 4)', 4),
("(quote x)", 'x'),
("(quote (1 2 three))", [1, 2, 'three']),
("'x", 'x'),
("'(one 2 3)", ['one', 2, 3]),
("(define L (list 1 2 3))", None),
("`(testing ,@L testing)", ['testing',1,2,3,'testing']),
("`(testing ,L testing)", ['testing',[1,2,3],'testing']),
("`,@L", SyntaxError),
("""'(1 ;test comments '
;skip this line
2 ; more ; comments ; ) )
3) ; final comment""", [1,2,3]),
]
def test(tests, name=''):
"For each (exp, expected) test case, see if eval(parse(exp)) == expected."
fails = 0
for (x, expected) in tests:
try:
result = eval(parse(x))
print(x, '=>', lispstr(result))
ok = (result == expected)
except Exception as e:
print(x, '=raises=>', type(e).__name__, e)
ok = isinstance(expected, type) and issubclass(expected, Exception) and isinstance(e, expected)
if not ok:
fails += 1
print('FAIL!!! Expected', expected)
print('%s %s: %d out of %d tests fail.' % ('*'*45, name, fails, len(tests)))
if __name__ == '__main__':
from lis import *
test(lis_tests, 'lis.py')
from lispy import *
test(lis_tests+lispy_tests, 'lispy.py')

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[mypy]
python_version = 3.10

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################ Lispy: Scheme Interpreter in Python 3.9
## (c) Peter Norvig, 2010-18; See http://norvig.com/lispy.html
## Minor edits for Fluent Python, Second Edition (O'Reilly, 2021)
## by Luciano Ramalho, mostly adding type hints.
################ Imports and Types
import math
import operator as op
from collections import ChainMap
from collections.abc import MutableMapping
from typing import Union, Any
Symbol = str
Atom = Union[float, int, Symbol]
Expression = Union[Atom, list]
Environment = MutableMapping[Symbol, object]
class Procedure:
"A user-defined Scheme procedure."
def __init__(self, parms: list[Symbol], body: Expression, env: Environment):
self.parms, self.body, self.env = parms, body, env
def __call__(self, *args: Expression) -> Any:
local_env = dict(zip(self.parms, args))
env: Environment = ChainMap(local_env, self.env)
return evaluate(self.body, env)
################ Global Environment
def standard_env() -> Environment:
"An environment with some Scheme standard procedures."
env: Environment = {}
env.update(vars(math)) # sin, cos, sqrt, pi, ...
env.update(
{
'+': op.add,
'-': op.sub,
'*': op.mul,
'/': op.truediv,
'>': op.gt,
'<': op.lt,
'>=': op.ge,
'<=': op.le,
'=': op.eq,
'abs': abs,
'append': op.add,
'apply': lambda proc, args: proc(*args),
'begin': lambda *x: x[-1],
'car': lambda x: x[0],
'cdr': lambda x: x[1:],
'cons': lambda x, y: [x] + y,
'eq?': op.is_,
'equal?': op.eq,
'length': len,
'list': lambda *x: list(x),
'list?': lambda x: isinstance(x, list),
'map': lambda *args: list(map(*args)),
'max': max,
'min': min,
'not': op.not_,
'null?': lambda x: x == [],
'number?': lambda x: isinstance(x, (int, float)),
'procedure?': callable,
'round': round,
'symbol?': lambda x: isinstance(x, Symbol),
}
)
return env
################ Parsing: parse, tokenize, and read_from_tokens
def parse(program: str) -> Expression:
"Read a Scheme expression from a string."
return read_from_tokens(tokenize(program))
def tokenize(s: str) -> list[str]:
"Convert a string into a list of tokens."
return s.replace('(', ' ( ').replace(')', ' ) ').split()
def read_from_tokens(tokens: list[str]) -> Expression:
"Read an expression from a sequence of tokens."
if len(tokens) == 0:
raise SyntaxError('unexpected EOF while reading')
token = tokens.pop(0)
if '(' == token:
L = []
while tokens[0] != ')':
L.append(read_from_tokens(tokens))
tokens.pop(0) # pop off ')'
return L
elif ')' == token:
raise SyntaxError('unexpected )')
else:
return parse_atom(token)
def parse_atom(token: str) -> Atom:
"Numbers become numbers; every other token is a symbol."
try:
return int(token)
except ValueError:
try:
return float(token)
except ValueError:
return Symbol(token)
################ Interaction: A REPL
def repl(prompt: str = 'lis.py> ') -> None:
"A prompt-read-evaluate-print loop."
global_env: Environment = standard_env()
while True:
val = evaluate(parse(input(prompt)), global_env)
if val is not None:
print(lispstr(val))
def lispstr(exp: object) -> str:
"Convert a Python object back into a Lisp-readable string."
if isinstance(exp, list):
return '(' + ' '.join(map(lispstr, exp)) + ')'
else:
return str(exp)
################ eval
def evaluate(x: Expression, env: Environment) -> Any:
"Evaluate an expression in an environment."
if isinstance(x, str): # variable reference
return env[x]
elif not isinstance(x, list): # constant literal
return x
elif x[0] == 'quote': # (quote exp)
(_, exp) = x
return exp
elif x[0] == 'if': # (if test conseq alt)
(_, test, conseq, alt) = x
exp = conseq if evaluate(test, env) else alt
return evaluate(exp, env)
elif x[0] == 'define': # (define var exp)
(_, var, exp) = x
env[var] = evaluate(exp, env)
elif x[0] == 'lambda': # (lambda (var...) body)
(_, parms, body) = x
return Procedure(parms, body, env)
else: # (proc arg...)
proc = evaluate(x[0], env)
args = [evaluate(exp, env) for exp in x[1:]]
return proc(*args)

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from typing import Optional
from pytest import mark, fixture
from lis import parse, evaluate, Expression, Environment, standard_env
# Norvig's tests are not isolated: they assume the
# same environment from first to last test.
ENV_FOR_FIRST_TEST = standard_env()
@mark.parametrize( 'source, expected', [
("(quote (testing 1 (2.0) -3.14e159))", ['testing', 1, [2.0], -3.14e159]),
("(+ 2 2)", 4),
("(+ (* 2 100) (* 1 10))", 210),
("(if (> 6 5) (+ 1 1) (+ 2 2))", 2),
("(if (< 6 5) (+ 1 1) (+ 2 2))", 4),
("(define x 3)", None),
("x", 3),
("(+ x x)", 6),
("((lambda (x) (+ x x)) 5)", 10),
("(define twice (lambda (x) (* 2 x)))", None),
("(twice 5)", 10),
("(define compose (lambda (f g) (lambda (x) (f (g x)))))", None),
("((compose list twice) 5)", [10]),
("(define repeat (lambda (f) (compose f f)))", None),
("((repeat twice) 5)", 20),
("((repeat (repeat twice)) 5)", 80),
("(define fact (lambda (n) (if (<= n 1) 1 (* n (fact (- n 1))))))", None),
("(fact 3)", 6),
("(fact 50)", 30414093201713378043612608166064768844377641568960512000000000000),
("(define abs (lambda (n) ((if (> n 0) + -) 0 n)))", None),
("(list (abs -3) (abs 0) (abs 3))", [3, 0, 3]),
("""(define combine (lambda (f)
(lambda (x y)
(if (null? x) (quote ())
(f (list (car x) (car y))
((combine f) (cdr x) (cdr y)))))))""", None),
("(define zip (combine cons))", None),
("(zip (list 1 2 3 4) (list 5 6 7 8))", [[1, 5], [2, 6], [3, 7], [4, 8]]),
("""(define riff-shuffle (lambda (deck)
(begin
(define take (lambda (n seq) (if (<= n 0) (quote ()) (cons (car seq) (take (- n 1) (cdr seq))))))
(define drop (lambda (n seq) (if (<= n 0) seq (drop (- n 1) (cdr seq)))))
(define mid (lambda (seq) (/ (length seq) 2)))
((combine append) (take (mid deck) deck) (drop (mid deck) deck)))))""", None),
("(riff-shuffle (list 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8))", [1, 5, 2, 6, 3, 7, 4, 8]),
("((repeat riff-shuffle) (list 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8))", [1, 3, 5, 7, 2, 4, 6, 8]),
("(riff-shuffle (riff-shuffle (riff-shuffle (list 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8))))", [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]),
])
def test_evaluate(source: str, expected: Optional[Expression]) -> None:
got = evaluate(parse(source), ENV_FOR_FIRST_TEST)
assert got == expected
@fixture
def std_env() -> Environment:
return standard_env()
# tests for each of the cases in evaluate
def test_evaluate_variable() -> None:
env: Environment = dict(x=10)
source = 'x'
expected = 10
got = evaluate(parse(source), env)
assert got == expected
def test_evaluate_literal(std_env: Environment) -> None:
source = '3.3'
expected = 3.3
got = evaluate(parse(source), std_env)
assert got == expected
def test_evaluate_quote(std_env: Environment) -> None:
source = '(quote (1.1 is not 1))'
expected = [1.1, 'is', 'not', 1]
got = evaluate(parse(source), std_env)
assert got == expected
def test_evaluate_if_true(std_env: Environment) -> None:
source = '(if 1 10 no-such-thing)'
expected = 10
got = evaluate(parse(source), std_env)
assert got == expected
def test_evaluate_if_false(std_env: Environment) -> None:
source = '(if 0 no-such-thing 20)'
expected = 20
got = evaluate(parse(source), std_env)
assert got == expected
def test_define(std_env: Environment) -> None:
source = '(define answer (* 6 7))'
got = evaluate(parse(source), std_env)
assert got is None
assert std_env['answer'] == 42
def test_lambda(std_env: Environment) -> None:
source = '(lambda (a b) (if (>= a b) a b))'
func = evaluate(parse(source), std_env)
assert func.parms == ['a', 'b']
assert func.body == ['if', ['>=', 'a', 'b'], 'a', 'b']
assert func.env is std_env
assert func(1, 2) == 2
assert func(3, 2) == 3
def test_begin(std_env: Environment) -> None:
source = """
(begin
(define x (* 2 3))
(* x 7)
)
"""
got = evaluate(parse(source), std_env)
assert got == 42
def test_invocation_builtin_car(std_env: Environment) -> None:
source = '(car (quote (11 22 33)))'
got = evaluate(parse(source), std_env)
assert got == 11
def test_invocation_builtin_append(std_env: Environment) -> None:
source = '(append (quote (a b)) (quote (c d)))'
got = evaluate(parse(source), std_env)
assert got == ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
def test_invocation_builtin_map(std_env: Environment) -> None:
source = '(map (lambda (x) (* x 2)) (quote (1 2 3))))'
got = evaluate(parse(source), std_env)
assert got == [2, 4, 6]
def test_invocation_user_procedure(std_env: Environment) -> None:
source = """
(begin
(define max (lambda (a b) (if (>= a b) a b)))
(max 22 11)
)
"""
got = evaluate(parse(source), std_env)
assert got == 22

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18-context-mngr/lispy/py3.9/mypy.ini
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@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
[mypy]
python_version = 3.9