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October 2022 - Update 1

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# Modern C++ Programming
<p align="center">
<img src="other/cpp_logo.png" />
</p>
<p align="center">
<a href="https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/releases" alt="Release">
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</a>
</p>
<p align="center">
<a href="https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/commits/master" alt="Commits">
<img src="https://badgen.net/github/commits/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming?style=for-the-badge&scale=1.2"/>
</a>
</p>
## C++11 / C++14 / C++17 / (C++20)
<p align="center">
<a href="https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/network/members" alt="Forks">
<img src="https://img.shields.io/github/forks/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming?style=for-the-badge"/>
</a>
<a alt="Stars">
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</p>
## C++11 / C++14 / C++17 / C++20
This *open-access* course is directed at those who are already familiar with C and object-oriented programming towards a proficiency level of C++ programming. The course covers the basics of C++ programming and moves on to advanced C++ semantics and concepts.
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* **C++ Fundamental Types Overview**: Arithmetic types, Non-standard arithmetic types, `void` type, Pointer type and `nullptr`
* **Conversion Rules**
* **`auto` declaration**
* **C++ Operators**: Operators precedence, Prefix/Postfix increment/decrement, Assignment, Compound , and comma operators, Spaceship operator `<=>`
* **C++ Operators**: Operators precedence, Prefix/Postfix increment/decrement, Assignment, Compound , and comma operators, Spaceship operator `<=>` , Safe Comparison Operators
* **Integral Data Types**: Fixed width integers and `size_t`, When use signed/unsigned integer? Promotion, Truncation, Undefined behavior
* **Floating-point Types and Arithmetic**: Normal/Denormal values, Infinity, Not a Number (`NaN`), Summary, Properties
* **Floating-point Issues**: Catastrophic cancellation, Floating-point comparison
@@ -113,9 +134,11 @@ If you enjoy the course or you find it useful, please add a **Star**
**[9. C++ Templates and Meta-programming II -  - Class Templates and SFINAE](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/09.Templates_II.pdf)**
* **Class Template**: Class specialization, Class + Function - specialization, `friend` keyword, Dependent names, Template variable
* **Class Template - Advanced Concepts**: Class + Function - Specialization, Dependent Names - `typename` and `template` Keywords, `friend` Keyword, Template Template Arguments
* **Template Meta-Programming**
* **SFINAE: Substitution Failure Is Not An Error**: Function SFINAE, Class SFINAE, Class + Function SFINAE
* **Variadic Template**: Folding Expression, Variadic Class Template
* **C++20 Concepts**: `concept` Keyword, `requires` Clause, `requires` Expression, `requires` Expression + Clause,` requires` Clause + Expression, `requires` and `constexpr`, Nested `requires`
**[10. Translation Units](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/10.Translation_Units.pdf)**
@@ -127,8 +150,9 @@ If you enjoy the course or you find it useful, please add a **Star**
* **Class Template**: Cases, `extern` keyword
* **ODR and Undefined Behavior**
* **`#include` Issues**: Forward declaration, Include guard, Circular dependencies, Common linking errors
* **Namespace**: Namespace functions vs. `static` methods, Namespace alias, Anonymous namespace, `inline` namespace
* **How to Compile**: Compile strategies, Deal with libraries, Build static/dynamic libraries, Find dynamic library dependencies, Analyze object/executable symbols
* **C++20 Modules**: Terminology, Visibility and Reachability, Module unit types, Keywords, Global module fragment, Private module gragment, Header module unit, Module partitions
* **Namespace**: Namespace functions vs. `static` methods, Namespace alias, Anonymous namespace, `inline` namespace, Attributes and namespace
* **Compiling Multiple Translation Units**: Fundamental compiler flags, Compile Methods, Deal with libraries, Build static/dynamic libraries, Find dynamic library dependencies, Analyze object/executable symbols
**[11. Code Conventions](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/11.Code_Convention.pdf)**
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* **I/O Stream**: Manipulator, `ofstream/ifstream`
* **Math Libraries**
* **Strings**: `std::string`, Conversion from/to numeric balues, `std::string view`, `std::format`
* **Strings**: `std::string`, Conversion from/to numeric balues, `std::string_view`, `std::format`
* **Random Number**: Basic Concepts, C++ `<random>`, Seed, PRNG period and quality, Distribution, Quasi-random
* **Time Measuring**: Wall-Clock time, User time, System time
* **Std Template Classes**: `std::pair`, `std::tuple`, `std::variant`, `std::optional`, `std::any`
* **Std Template Classes**: `std::byte` `std::pair`, `std::tuple`, `std::variant`, `std::optional`, `std::any`
* **Filesystem Library**: Query methods, Modify methods
**[14. Containers, Iterators, and Algorithms](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/14.Iterators_Containers_Alg.pdf)**
@@ -178,8 +202,9 @@ If you enjoy the course or you find it useful, please add a **Star**
* **Container Adaptors**: `std::stack`, `std::queue`, `std::priority_queue`
* **View**: `std::span`
* **Implement a Custom Iterator**: Semantic, Implement a simple Iterator
* **Iterator Utility Methods**: `std::advance`, `std::next`, `std::prev`, `std::distance`, Range access methods, Iterator traits
* **Iterator Utility Methods**: `std::advance`, `std::next`, `std::prev`, `std::distance`, Container access methods, Iterator traits
* **Algorithms Library**: `std::find_if`, `std::sort`, `std::accumulate`, `std::generate`, `std::remove_if`
* **C++20 Ranges**: Key concepts, Range view, Range adaptor, Range factory, Range algorithms, Range actions
**[15. Advanced Topics](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/15.Advanced_Topics.pdf)**
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* **Compiler Optimizations**: About the compiler, Architecture flags, Optimization flags, Help the Compiler to produce better code, Profile guided optimization (PGO)
* **Compiler Transformation Techniques**
* **Libraries and Data Structures**: External libraries, Std library
* **Performance Benchmarking**: What to test?, Workload/Dataset quality, Cache behavior, Stable CPU performance, Program memory layout, Measurement overhead and compiler Optimizations, Metric evaluation
* **Profiling**: `gprof`, `uftrace`, `callgrind`, `cachegrind`, `perf` Linux profiler
* **Performance Benchmarking**: What to test?, Workload/Dataset quality, Cache behavior, Stable CPU performance, Program memory layout
* **Parallel Computing**: Concurrency vs. Parallelism, Performance scaling, Gustafson’s Law, Parallel programming languages
### Roadmap
1. Complete C++20 topics
2. Software Design Chapter
3. Build Aspects Chapter (e.g. reducing build time)
1. Software Design Chapter
2. Build Aspects Chapter (e.g. reducing build time)
### Essential Tool
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### Reporting bugs and contributing
If you find any typos, conceptual errors, or sections to improve, please report them by writing directly to me or by using the `issue` panel
If you find any typo, conceptual error, or section to improve, please report them by writing directly to me or by using the `issue` panel
<p align="center">
<a href="https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming-Material/issues" alt="Issues">
<img src="https://img.shields.io/github/issues-closed/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming?style=for-the-badge"/>
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</p>
## Author