Fixed trivial error: events in example of conditional probability were put vice-versa.
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"If you are not familiar with this notation, let's review. $P(A)$ means the probability of event $A$. If $A$ is the event of a fair coin landing heads, then $P(A) = 0.5$.\n",
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"$P(A|B)$ is called a *conditional probability*. That is, it represents the probability of $A$ happening *if* $B$ happened. For example, it is more likely to rain today if it also rained yesterday. We'd write that as $P(rain_{yesterday}|rain_{today})$.\n",
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"$P(A|B)$ is called a *conditional probability*. That is, it represents the probability of $A$ happening *if* $B$ happened. For example, it is more likely to rain today if it also rained yesterday. We'd write that as $P(rain_{today}|rain_{yesterday})$.\n",
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"In Bayesian statistics $P(A)$ is the *prior*, and $P(A|B)$ is the *posterior*. To see why, let's rewrite the equation in terms of our problem. We will use $x_i$ for the position at *i*, and $Z$ for the measurement. Hence, we want to know $P(x_i|Z)$, that is, the probability of the dog being at $x_i$ given the measurement $Z$. \n",
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