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jverzani
2025-07-23 08:05:43 -04:00
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@@ -144,10 +144,10 @@ $$
So in particular $K$ is in $[m, M]$. But $m$ and $M$ correspond to values of $f(x)$, so by the intermediate value theorem, $K=f(c)$ for some $c$ that must lie in between $c_m$ and $c_M$, which means as well that it must be in $[a,b]$.
##### Proof of second part of Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
##### Proof of the second part of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
The mean value theorem is exactly what is needed to prove formally the second part of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. Again, suppose $f(x)$ is continuous on $[a,b]$ with $a < b$. For any $a < x < b$, we define $F(x) = \int_a^x f(u) du$. Then the derivative of $F$ exists and is $f$.
The mean value theorem is exactly what is needed to formally prove the second part of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. Again, suppose $f(x)$ is continuous on $[a,b]$ with $a < b$. For any $a < x < b$, we define $F(x) = \int_a^x f(u) du$. Then the derivative of $F$ exists and is $f$.
Let $h>0$. Then consider the forward difference $(F(x+h) - F(x))/h$. Rewriting gives: