diff --git a/quarto/README-quarto.md b/quarto/README-quarto.md index 6c4a801..deed58e 100644 --- a/quarto/README-quarto.md +++ b/quarto/README-quarto.md @@ -9,13 +9,14 @@ quarto publish gh-pages --no-render ``` -But better to +But better to ``` quarto render # commit changes and push # fix typos quarto render +julia adjust_plotly.jl quarto publish gh-pages --no-render ``` diff --git a/quarto/derivatives/implicit_differentiation.qmd b/quarto/derivatives/implicit_differentiation.qmd index 8d14a50..834381d 100644 --- a/quarto/derivatives/implicit_differentiation.qmd +++ b/quarto/derivatives/implicit_differentiation.qmd @@ -923,6 +923,73 @@ $$ y(x^2 + a^2) = a^3. $$ +::: {#fig-witch-agnesi} +```{julia} +#| echo: false +gr() +let + + function ABP(θ,a=1) + # y/x = 2a/x = tan(θ) + A = (2a/tan(θ), a) + # x = y/tan(theta); x^2 + (y-a)^2 = a^2 + # y^2/t^2 + y^2 - 2ya + a^2 = a^2 + # y/t^2 + y - 2a = 0 + # y = 2a/(1 + 1/t^2) + y = 2a/(1 + 1/tan(θ)^2) # = 2a sin(θ)^2 + x = y/tan(θ) + B = (x, y-a) + P = (A[1],B[2]) + (;A,B,P) + end + + + a = 1 + + ts = range(0, 2pi, 200) + plot(;empty_style..., aspect_ratio=:equal) + + plot!(a*cos.(ts), a*sin.(ts); line=(:black, 1)) + Δ = 1.5 + plot!(Δ*[-1,1],[-1,-1], line=(:gray, 1)) + plot!(Δ*[-1,1],[1,1], line=(:gray, 1)) + plot!([(0,0), (0,a)]; line=(:gray, 1, :dash)) + + witch(θ,a=1) = ABP(θ,a).P + + θs = range(pi/4,pi/2, 100) + plot!(witch.(θs); line=(:black, 3)) + + # fix a specific angle + θ = pi/3 + A,B,P = ABP(θ) + O = (0, -a) + + plot!([O,A]; line=(:black,1)) + plot!([B,P,A]; line=(:gray,1, :dash)) + scatter!([A,B,P,(0,0)]) + + ts = (range(0, θ, 100)) + λ = a/5 + plot!([(λ*cos(t),λ*sin(t)-a) for t in ts]; line=(:gray,1, 0.75),arrow=true) + + annotate!([(A..., text(L"A",:bottom)), + (B..., text(L"B", :right)), + (P..., text(L"P", :top)), + (0,0,text(L"O", :right)), + (0,1/2, text(L"a",:right)), + (a/4*cos(θ/2), a/4*sin(θ/2)-a, text(L"\theta",:left))]) +end +``` +```{julia} +#| echo: false +plotly() +nothing +``` + +The Witch of Agnesi can be expressed implicitly or parametrically in terms of $\theta$. +::: + If $a=1$, numerically find a value of $y$ when $x=2$. @@ -950,6 +1017,30 @@ answ = 1 radioq(choices, answ) ``` +In @fig-witch-agnesi for a given $\theta$ the point $P = (x,y)$ where $x$ is the $x$ value of the intersection of the drawn line with the line $y=a$ and $y$ is the $y$ value of the intersection of the drawn line with the circle $x^2 + y^2 = a^2$. + +Suppose $O=(0,0)$ and $A=(u,v)$. Which of these formulas is true: + +```{julia} +#| echo: false +choices = [ +L"(v+a)/u = 2a/u = \tan(\theta)", +L"v/u = a/u = \tan(\theta)" +], +radioq(choices, 1) +``` + +Suppose $B=(u,v)$. Which of these is true: + +```{julia} +#| echo: false +choices = [ +L"$(v+a)/u = \tan(\theta)$ and $u^2 + v^2 = a^2$", +L"$v/u = \tan(\theta)$ and $u^2 + v^2 = a^2$" +] +radioq(choices, 1) +``` + ###### Question diff --git a/quarto/differentiable_vector_calculus/scalar_functions.qmd b/quarto/differentiable_vector_calculus/scalar_functions.qmd index efcd38f..50f4081 100644 --- a/quarto/differentiable_vector_calculus/scalar_functions.qmd +++ b/quarto/differentiable_vector_calculus/scalar_functions.qmd @@ -1828,6 +1828,43 @@ answ = 1 radioq(choices, answ) ``` +###### Question + +[Durer](https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Curves/Durers/)'s curves are parameterized by $a$ and $b$ and given by: + +```{julia} +durer(a=1, b=1) = (x,y) ->(x^2 + x*y + a*x - b^2)^2 - (b^2 - x^2)*(x-y+a)^2 +``` + +They can be visualized with a contour plot as follows (a plot of an implicit function) + +```{julia} +xs = ys = range(-5, 5, 500) +b = 4; a = b/4 +contour(xs, ys, durer(a,b); levels=[0]) +``` + +The definition of `durer` above creates a closure. Take the values of $b=4$ and $a=b/2$. Is the point $(-2a, -a)$ on the curve? + +```{julia} +#| echo: false +b = 4 +a = b/2 +yesnoq(durer(a,b)(-2a, -a) == 0) +``` + +What about the point $(-2a, a)$? + +```{julia} +#| echo: false +b = 4 +a = b/2 +yesnoq(durer(a,b)(-2a, a) == 0) +``` + +(One is the cusp which is a loop if `a=b/4` and smooths out if `a=b/(3/2)`, say. + + ###### Question diff --git a/quarto/differentiable_vector_calculus/vector_valued_functions.qmd b/quarto/differentiable_vector_calculus/vector_valued_functions.qmd index 035be43..eb20710 100644 --- a/quarto/differentiable_vector_calculus/vector_valued_functions.qmd +++ b/quarto/differentiable_vector_calculus/vector_valued_functions.qmd @@ -1038,8 +1038,7 @@ $$ --- -Kepler's second law can also be derived from vector calculus. This derivation follows that given at [MIT OpenCourseWare](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/mathematics/18-02sc-multivariable-calculus-fall-2010/1.-vectors-and-matrices/part-c-parametric-equations-for-curves/session-21-keplers-second-law/MIT18_02SC_MNotes_k.pdf) and [OpenCourseWare](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/mathematics/18-02sc-multivariable-calculus-fall-2010/index.htm). - +Kepler's second law can also be derived from vector calculus. This derivation follows that given at MIT OpenCourseWare (link defunct); a succinct approach is given by [Strang](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/res-18-001-calculus-fall-2023/mitres_18_001_f17_ch12.pdf). The second law states that the area being swept out during a time duration only depends on the duration of time, not the time. Let $\Delta t$ be this duration. Then if $\vec{x}(t)$ is the position vector, as above, we have the area swept out between $t$ and $t + \Delta t$ is visualized along the lines of: diff --git a/quarto/limits/sequences_series.qmd b/quarto/limits/sequences_series.qmd index d3ca206..4cb0644 100644 --- a/quarto/limits/sequences_series.qmd +++ b/quarto/limits/sequences_series.qmd @@ -254,8 +254,8 @@ p_n &= \sum_{k=0}^n \frac{1}{k!}b_{n,l}\\ &> \sum_{k=0}^n \frac{1}{k!} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{(k-1)k}{2n}\right)\\ &= s_n - \sum_{k=0}^n \frac{1}{k!}\frac{(k-1)k}{2n}\\ &= s_n - \frac{1}{2n} \sum_{k=2}^n \frac{1}{(k-2)!}\\ -&= s_n - \frac{1}{2n} s_{n-2} -$> s_n - \frac{3}{2n} +&= s_n - \frac{1}{2n} s_{n-2}\\ +&> s_n - \frac{3}{2n} \end{align*} $$