make pdf file generation work
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@@ -87,13 +87,11 @@ $$
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Again, we can integrate to get an answer for any value $t$:
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$$
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\begin{align*}
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x(t) - x(t_0) &= \int_{t_0}^t \frac{dv}{dt} dt \\
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&= (v_0t + \frac{1}{2}a t^2 - at_0 t) |_{t_0}^t \\
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&= (v_0 - at_0)(t - t_0) + \frac{1}{2} a (t^2 - t_0^2).
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\end{align*}
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$$
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There are three constants: the initial value for the independent variable, $t_0$, and the two initial values for the velocity and position, $v_0, x_0$. Assuming $t_0 = 0$, we can simplify the above to get a formula familiar from introductory physics:
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@@ -339,12 +337,10 @@ Differential equations are classified according to their type. Different types h
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The first-order initial value equations we have seen can be described generally by
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$$
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\begin{align*}
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y'(x) &= F(y,x),\\
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y(x_0) &= x_0.
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\end{align*}
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$$
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Special cases include:
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@@ -615,9 +611,11 @@ imgfile = "figures/verrazano-narrows-bridge-anniversary-historic-photos-2.jpeg"
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caption = """
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The cables of an unloaded suspension bridge have a different shape than a loaded suspension bridge. As seen, the cables in this [figure](https://www.brownstoner.com/brooklyn-life/verrazano-narrows-bridge-anniversary-historic-photos/) would be modeled by a catenary.
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"""
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ImageFile(:ODEs, imgfile, caption)
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# ImageFile(:ODEs, imgfile, caption)
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nothing
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```
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 would be modeled by a catenary.](./figures/verrazano-narrows-bridge-anniversary-historic-photos-2.jpeg)
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---
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@@ -668,13 +666,11 @@ Though `y` is messy, it can be seen that the answer is a quadratic polynomial in
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In a resistive medium, there are drag forces at play. If this force is proportional to the velocity, say, with proportion $\gamma$, then the equations become:
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$$
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\begin{align*}
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x''(t) &= -\gamma x'(t), & \quad y''(t) &= -\gamma y'(t) -g, \\
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x(0) &= x_0, &\quad y(0) &= y_0,\\
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x'(0) &= v_0\cos(\alpha),&\quad y'(0) &= v_0 \sin(\alpha).
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\end{align*}
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$$
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We now attempt to solve these.
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