Merge pull request #73 from fangliu-tju/main
Update limits_extensions.qmd
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@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ plot!(abs)
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plot!(x -> -abs(x))
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```
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The [squeeze](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squeeze_theorem) theorem of calculus is the formal reason $f$ has a limit at $0$, as as both the upper function, $|x|$, and the lower function, $-|x|$, have a limit of $0$ at $0$.
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The [squeeze](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squeeze_theorem) theorem of calculus is the formal reason $f$ has a limit at $0$, as both the upper function, $|x|$, and the lower function, $-|x|$, have a limit of $0$ at $0$.
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## Right and left limits
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@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ That means the mathematical limit need not exist when `SymPy`'s `limit` returns
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:::
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The relation between the two concepts is that a function has a limit at $c$ if an only if the left and right limits exist and are equal. This function $f$ has both existing, but the two limits are not equal.
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The relation between the two concepts is that a function has a limit at $c$ if and only if the left and right limits exist and are equal. This function $f$ has both existing, but the two limits are not equal.
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There are other such functions that jump. Another useful one is the floor function, which just rounds down to the nearest integer. A graph shows the basic shape:
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@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ limit(g(x), x=>0, dir="+")
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## Limits of sequences
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After all this, we still can't formalize the basic question asked in the introduction to limits: what is the area contained in a parabola. For that we developed a sequence of sums: $s_n = 1/2 \dot((1/4)^0 + (1/4)^1 + (1/4)^2 + \cdots + (1/4)^n)$. This isn't a function of $x$, but rather depends only on non-negative integer values of $n$. However, the same idea as a limit at infinity can be used to define a limit.
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After all this, we still can't formalize the basic question asked in the introduction to limits: what is the area contained in a parabola. For that we developed a sequence of sums: $s_n = 1/2 \cdot((1/4)^0 + (1/4)^1 + (1/4)^2 + \cdots + (1/4)^n)$. This isn't a function of $x$, but rather depends only on non-negative integer values of $n$. However, the same idea as a limit at infinity can be used to define a limit.
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> Let $a_0,a_1, a_2, \dots, a_n, \dots$ be a sequence of values indexed by $n$. We have $\lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} a_n = L$ if for every $\epsilon > 0$ there exists an $M>0$ where if $n > M$ then $|a_n - L| < \epsilon$.
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@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ The limit discussion first defined limits of scalar univariate functions at a po
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* Convergent sequences are bounded.
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* All *bounded* monotone sequences converge.
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* Every bounded sequence has a convergent subsequence. (Bolzano-Weirstrass)
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* Every bounded sequence has a convergent subsequence. (Bolzano-Weierstrass)
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* The limit of $f$ at $c$ exists and equals $L$ if and only if for *every* sequence $x_n$ in the domain of $f$ converging to $c$ the sequence $s_n = f(x_n)$ converges to $L$.
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@ -553,7 +553,7 @@ limit(x^m / exp(x), x => oo)
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That is $e^x$ grows faster than any power of $x$.
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Now, if $a, b > 1$ then $f(x) = a^x$ and $g(x) = b^x$ will be comparable. Take $m$ so that $a^m > b$ and $n$ so that $b^n > x$ as then, say,
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Now, if $a, b > 1$ then $f(x) = a^x$ and $g(x) = b^x$ will be comparable. Take $m$ so that $a^m > b$ and $n$ so that $b^n > a$ as then, say,
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$$
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@ -880,7 +880,9 @@ limit(sin(sin(x^2))/x^k, x=>0)
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For which value(s) of $k$ in $1,2,3$ is this actually the correct answer? (Do the above $3$ times using a specific value of `k`, not a numeric one.
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```{julia, echo=false}
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```{julia}
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#| hold: true
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#| echo: false
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choices = ["``1``", "``2``", "``3``", "``1,2``", "``1,3``", "``2,3``", "``1,2,3``"]
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radioq(choices, 1, keep_order=true)
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```
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@ -937,7 +939,6 @@ In `julia`, $\log_k(x)$ is found with `log(k,x)`. The default, `log(x)` takes $k
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```{julia}
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#| echo: false
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k = 10 # say. Replace with actual value
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h(x) = x^(1/log(k, x))
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```
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