Solution to problem 12 in Python

src/Year_2016/P12.py

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+# --- Day 12: Leonardo's Monorail ---
+
+# You finally reach the top floor of this building: a garden with a slanted
+# glass ceiling. Looks like there are no more stars to be had.
+
+# While sitting on a nearby bench amidst some tiger lilies, you manage to
+# decrypt some of the files you extracted from the servers downstairs.
+
+# According to these documents, Easter Bunny HQ isn't just this building - it's
+# a collection of buildings in the nearby area. They're all connected by a
+# local monorail, and there's another building not far from here!
+# Unfortunately, being night, the monorail is currently not operating.
+
+# You remotely connect to the monorail control systems and discover that the
+# boot sequence expects a password. The password-checking logic (your puzzle
+# input) is easy to extract, but the code it uses is strange: it's assembunny
+# code designed for the new computer you just assembled. You'll have to execute
+# the code and get the password.
+
+# The assembunny code you've extracted operates on four registers (a, b, c, and
+# d) that start at 0 and can hold any integer. However, it seems to make use of
+# only a few instructions:
+
+#     cpy x y copies x (either an integer or the value of a register) into
+# register y.
+#     inc x increases the value of register x by one.
+#     dec x decreases the value of register x by one.
+#     jnz x y jumps to an instruction y away (positive means forward; negative
+# means backward), but only if x is not zero.
+
+# The jnz instruction moves relative to itself: an offset of -1 would continue
+# at the previous instruction, while an offset of 2 would skip over the next
+# instruction.
+
+# For example:
+
+# cpy 41 a
+# inc a
+# inc a
+# dec a
+# jnz a 2
+# dec a
+
+# The above code would set register a to 41, increase its value by 2, decrease
+# its value by 1, and then skip the last dec a (because a is not zero, so the
+# jnz a 2 skips it), leaving register a at 42. When you move past the last
+# instruction, the program halts.
+
+# After executing the assembunny code in your puzzle input, what value is left
+# in register a?
+
+
+with open("files/P12.txt") as f:
+    lines = [line.strip().split() for line in f]
+
+
+def value(key: str, dic: dict[str, int]) -> int:
+    return dic[key] if key in dic else int(key)
+
+
+def part_1() -> None:
+    register = {"a": 0, "b": 0, "c": 0, "d": 0}
+    instruction = 0
+    while instruction != len(lines):
+        instr = lines[instruction]
+        if instr[0] == "cpy":
+            register[instr[2]] = value(instr[1], register)
+        elif instr[0] == "inc":
+            register[instr[1]] += 1
+        elif instr[0] == "dec":
+            register[instr[1]] -= 1
+        elif instr[0] == "jnz" and value(instr[1], register) != 0:
+            instruction += int(instr[2])
+            continue
+        instruction += 1
+    print(f"The register a has the following value: {register['a']}")
+
+
+# --- Part Two ---
+
+# As you head down the fire escape to the monorail, you notice it didn't start;
+# register c needs to be initialized to the position of the ignition key.
+
+# If you instead initialize register c to be 1, what value is now left in
+# register a?
+
+
+def part_2() -> None:
+    register = {"a": 0, "b": 0, "c": 1, "d": 0}
+    instruction = 0
+    while instruction != len(lines):
+        instr = lines[instruction]
+        if instr[0] == "cpy":
+            register[instr[2]] = value(instr[1], register)
+        elif instr[0] == "inc":
+            register[instr[1]] += 1
+        elif instr[0] == "dec":
+            register[instr[1]] -= 1
+        elif instr[0] == "jnz" and value(instr[1], register) != 0:
+            instruction += int(instr[2])
+            continue
+        instruction += 1
+    print(f"The value left in register a is: {register['a']}")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    part_1()
+    part_2()