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"$$\n",
"for some $r > 0$, $m \\times n$ matrix $A$ (of rank $n$), and $b \\in \\mathbb{R}^m$ — that is, least-squares optimization with the solution constrained to lie inside a sphere of radius $r$.\n",
"\n",
"**(a)** What is the Lagrange dual function $g(\\lambda)$? (You can give a closed-form expression. Hint: review Tikhonov-regularized least-squares.) Define a corresponding Julia function `g(λ; r=1.0)` for the sample parameters given below (this syntax defines an optional keyword argument `r` that defaults to $r=1$). Make a plot of $g(\\lambda)$ for $r=1$ and $r=0.5$ for $\\lambda \\ge 0$$ to verify that it looks concave with a single maximum.\n",
"**(a)** What is the Lagrange dual function $g(\\lambda)$? (You can give a closed-form expression. Hint: review Tikhonov-regularized least-squares.) Define a corresponding Julia function `g(λ; r=1.0)` for the sample parameters given below (this syntax defines an optional keyword argument `r` that defaults to $r=1$). Make a plot of $g(\\lambda)$ for $r=1$ and $r=0.5$ for $\\lambda \\ge 0$ to verify that it looks concave with a single maximum.\n",
"\n",
"**(b)** If the unconstrained least-square solution $\\hat{x} = (A^T A)^{-1} A^T b$ satisfies $\\Vert \\hat{x} \\Vert_2 < r$, then what must be true of the derivative $g'(0)$? What if $\\Vert \\hat{x} \\Vert_2 > r$?\n",
"\n",